A new class of double phase variable exponent problems: existence and uniqueness

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Abstract: In this paper we introduce a new class of quasilinear elliptic equations driven by the so-called double phase operator with variable exponents. We prove certain properties of the corresponding Musielak-Orlicz Sobolev spaces (an equivalent norm, uniform convexity, Radon-Riesz property with respect to the modular) and the properties of the new double phase operator (continuity, strict monotonicity, (S+)-property). In contrast to the known constant exponent case we are able to weaken the assumptions on the data. Finally we show the existence and uniqueness of corresponding elliptic equations with right-hand sides that have gradient dependence (so-called convection terms) under very general assumptions on the data. As a result of independent interest, we also show the density of smooth functions in the new Musielak-Orlicz Sobolev space even when the domain is unbounded.


Let \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N\) (\(N \geq 2\)) be a bounded domain with a Lipschitz boundary \(\partial \Omega\). The authors consider a double phase operator of the form \[\operatorname{div}(|\nabla u|^{p(x)-2}\nabla u+\mu(x)|\nabla u|^{q(x)-2}\nabla u), \quad p,q \in C(\overline{\Omega}),\] where \(1<p(x)<N\), \(p(x)<q(x)\) for all \(x \in \overline{\Omega}\) and \(0\leq \mu(\cdot)\in L^1(\Omega)\). The authors first study the function space related to the above double phase operator, then they prove the properties of this operator. Namely, they establish that the operator is continuous, bounded, strictly monotone and satisfies the \((S_+)\)-property. In the last part of the paper, the authors obtain the existence and uniqueness of corresponding double phase elliptic equations with convection term, under suitable hypotheses on the data.



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