Constraints for input/output logics

DOI10.1023/A:1017599526096MaRDI QIDQ5935791zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors David Makinson, Leendert van der Torre

Publication date 26 June 2001

Published in Journal of Philosophical Logic (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1017599526096

zbMATH Keywords

conditional normsconsistency constraintscontrary-to-duty obligationsdefault logicdeontic logicinput/output logicnonmonotonic logic

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Philosophical and critical aspects of logic and foundations (03A05) Logics of knowledge and belief (including belief change) (03B42) Modal logic (including the logic of norms) (03B45) Other nonclassical logic (03B60)

Review text

This paper continues a project of the authors [cf. ibid. 29, 383-408 (2000; Zbl 0964.03002)] to investigate what they call `input/output logics' that define operations resembling inference but in which inputs need not be included among outputs and outputs need not be reusable as inputs. These have application particularly in deontic logic and the theory of conditional norms and especially contrary-to-duty obligations, and they are connected to some forms of nonmonotonic logic. The present work investigates what happens when an input/output logic is constrained so that it does not produce excessive outputs, in particular, when it is constrained so that its output is consistent with its input. The mechanism is to limit the generators of such a logic to the maximal subsets they yield such consistent output. This is reminiscent of techniques in the theory of belief change and nonmonotonic inference. And indeed, when inputs can emerge as outputs, the `maxichoice revision' of Alchourrón and Makinson and the default logic of Poole come out as special cases. There is also a close connection to Reiter's default logic. The focus here, however, is on the general case and the effect of consistency constraints on a variety of output functions. These are examined from both a semantical point of view (broadly construed) and in terms of derivations.

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