Continuous functions on Hausdorff continua

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2016.09.002MaRDI QIDQ321410zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Sina Greenwood, Aisling E. McCluskey

Publication date 13 October 2016

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2016.09.002

compactify connected continuous continuum topologise

Several topologies on one set (change of topology, comparison of topologies, lattices of topologies) (54A10) Basic constructions in general topology (54B99) Continuous maps (54C05) Connected and locally connected spaces (general aspects) (54D05) Compactness (54D30) Continua and generalizations (54F15)

Review text

In this paper the authors investigate the question whether given a set \(X\) and a function \(T \: X \to X\) there is an interesting topology on \(X\) which makes \(T\) continuous.NEWLINENEWLINEFor a function \(T \: X \to X\), the relation \(\sim\) on \(X\), defined by \(x \sim y\) if there exist \(m,n \in \omega\) with \(T^m(x) = T^n(y)\), is an equivalence relation, whose equivalence classes are the orbits of \(T\). An orbit \(O\) of \(T\) is an \(n\)-cycle, for some \(n \in \mathbb N\), if there are distinct points \(s_0, \dots , s_{n-1}\) in \(O\) such that \(T(s_{j-1}) = s_j\), where \(j\) is taken modulo \(n\); \(O\) is a \(\mathbb Z\)-orbit if there are distinct points \(\{ s_j : j \in {\mathbb Z} \} \subseteq O\) such that \(T(s_{j-1}) = s_j\) for all \(j \in \mathbb Z\); \(O\) is an \(\mathbb N\)-orbit if it is not a \(\mathbb Z\)-orbit and there are distinct points \(\{ s_j : j \in {\mathbb Z} \} \subseteq O\) such that \(T(s_{j-1}) = s_j\) for all \(j \in \mathbb Z\). \ The orbit spectrum of \(T\) is, then, the sequence \(\sigma(T) = (\nu, \zeta, \sigma_1, \sigma_2, \sigma_3, \dots )\) of cardinals, where \(\nu\) is the number of \(\mathbb N\)-orbits, \(\zeta\) is the number of \(\mathbb Z\)-orbits and \(\sigma_n\) is the number of \(n\)-cycles.NEWLINENEWLINEA subset \(M\) of \(\omega \) is finitely generated if either \(M=\emptyset \), or there exists \(k>0\) and \(n_{1},n_{2},\ldots ,n_{k}\in M\) such that for every \(j \in M\) there is some \(i\leq k\) where \(n_{i}\) divides \(j\). The orbit spectrum \(\sigma(T)\) is finitely based if \(\{n\in \omega :\sigma _{n}\neq \emptyset \}\) is finitely generated.NEWLINENEWLINEThe main results of the paper are the following.NEWLINENEWLINETHEOREM. If \(X\) is a set, \(\kappa \) is a cardinal, \(| X| \geq \kappa \geq \mathfrak{c}\) and \(T : X \to X\) is a \(\kappa \)-to-one surjection such that \newline (1) the orbit spectrum of \(T\) is finitely based, and \newline (2) either \(T\) admits a cycle or at least \(\mathfrak{c}\) many orbits, \newline then there is a topology on \(X\) with respect to which \(X\) is compact, connected and Hausdorff, and \(T\) is continuous.NEWLINENEWLINETHEOREM. Given an infinite sequence of cardinals, \(\sigma(T) = (\nu, \zeta, \sigma_1, \sigma_2, \sigma_3, \dots )\), if there is a map \(T \: X \to X\), where \(X\) is compact and Hausdorff, such that \(\sigma(T) = (\nu, \zeta, \sigma_1, \sigma_2, \sigma_3, \dots )\) and \(\sigma(T)\) is finitely based, then there is a compact connected Hausdorff space \(Y\) and a continuous function \(f \: Y \to Y\) such that \(\sigma(f) = (\nu, \zeta, \sigma_1, \sigma_2, \sigma_3, \dots )\).

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