Differentiable approximation of continuous semialgebraic maps

Abstract: In this work we approach the problem of approximating uniformly continuous semialgebraic maps

f : S o T

from a compact semialgebraic set

S

to an arbitrary semialgebraic set

T

by semialgebraic maps

g : S o T

that are differentiable of class~

{m a t h c a l C}^{u}

for a fixed integer

u g e q 1

. As the reader can expect, the difficulty arises mainly when one tries to keep the same target space after approximation. For

u = 1

we give a complete affirmative solution to the problem: such a uniform approximation is always possible. For

u g e q 2

we obtain density results in the two following relevant situations: either

T

is compact and locally

{m a t h c a l C}^{u}

semialgebraically equivalent to a polyhedron, for instance when

T

is a compact polyhedron; or

T

is an open semialgebraic subset of a Nash set, for instance when

T

is a Nash set. Our density results are based on a recent

{m a t h c a l C}^{1}

-triangulation theorem for semialgebraic sets due to Ohmoto and Shiota, and on new approximation techniques we develop in the present paper. Our results are sharp in a sense we specify by explicit examples.

Review text

This paper concerns the problem of approximating a uniformly continuous semialgebraic map \(f: S \to T\) from a compact semialgebraic set \(S\) to an arbitrary semialgebraic set \(T\) by a semialgebraic map \(g: S \to T\) that is differentiable of class \(C^\nu\), where \(\nu\) is a positive integer or \(\infty\). It is known that if \(T\) is an \(C^\nu\) semialgebraic manifold, then arbitrarily good (in the \(C^\nu\)-norm) \(C^\nu\) semialgebraic approximations exist. The authors show that for \emph{any semialgebraic \(T\)}, arbitrarily good \(\nu = 1\) approximations are possible. For \(\nu \geq 2\), they obtain density results when: (1) \(T\) is compact and locally \(C^\nu\) semialgebraically equivalent to a polyhedron, or (2) \(T\) is an open semialgebraic subset of a Nash set. The paper includes a useful review of approximation results in semialgebraic geometry, including discussion of key references.

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