Dipole superfluid hydrodynamics

DOI10.1007/JHEP09(2023)184MaRDI QIDQ6057001zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Akash Jain, Kristan Jensen, Ruochuan Liu, Eric Mefford

Publication date 25 October 2023

Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.09852

zbMATH Keywords

effective field theoriesfield theory hydrodynamicsglobal symmetriesspontaneous symmetry breaking

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum theory (81-XX)

Abstract: We construct a theory of hydrodynamic transport for systems with conserved dipole moment, U(1) charge, energy, and momentum. These models have been considered in the context of fractons, since their elementary and isolated charges are immobile by symmetry, and have two known translation-invariant gapless phases: a ``p-wave dipole superfluid phase where the dipole symmetry is spontaneously broken and a ``s-wave dipole superfluid phase where both the U(1) and dipole symmetries are spontaneously broken. We argue on grounds of symmetry and thermodynamics that there is no transitionally-invariant gapless fluid with unbroken dipole symmetry. In this work, we primarily focus on the hydrodynamic description of p-wave dipole superfluids, including leading dissipative corrections. That theory has, in a sense, a dynamical scaling exponent $z=2$, and its spectrum of fluctuations includes novel subdiffusive modes $omegasim-i{k}^4$ in the shear sector and magnon-like sound mode $omegasimpm{k}^2-i{k}^2$. By coupling the fluid to background fields, we find response functions of the various symmetry currents. We also present a preliminary generalization of our work to s-wave dipole superfluids, which resemble $z=1$ fluids and feature sound waves and diffusive shear modes, as in an ordinary fluid. However, the spectrum also contains a magnon-like second-sound mode $omegasimpm{k}^{2}pm{k}^4-i{k}^4$ with subdiffusive attenuation.

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Cited in

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