Topological order in an exactly solvable 3D spin model
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Abstract: We study a 3D generalization of the toric code model introduced recently by Chamon. This is an exactly solvable spin model with six-qubit nearest neighbor interactions on an FCC lattice whose ground space exhibits topological quantum order. The elementary excitations of this model which we call monopoles can be geometrically described as the corners of rectangular-shaped membranes. We prove that the creation of an isolated monopole separated from other monopoles by a distance R requires an operator acting on at least R^2 qubits. Composite particles that consist of two monopoles (dipoles) and four monopoles (quadrupoles) can be described as end-points of strings. The peculiar feature of the model is that dipole-type strings are rigid, that is, such strings must be aligned with face-diagonals of the lattice. For periodic boundary conditions the ground space can encode 4g qubits where g is the greatest common divisor of the lattice dimensions. We describe a complete set of logical operators acting on the encoded qubits in terms of closed strings and closed membranes.
In the paper the authors analyze a spin model originally introduced by \textit{C. Chamon} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, No.~4, 040402 (2005)]. This is an exactly solvable spin model with six-qubit nearest-neighbor interactions on an face-centered cubic lattice whose ground space exhibits topological quantum order. The following results are obtained: complete classification of bulk excitations; lower bound on the weight of operators creating isolated monopoles; general formula for the ground space degeneracy on a 3-torus; subsystem encoding of a qubit using only closed rigid strings; proof of the zero-temperature stability.
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Cites work
- Anyons in an exactly solved model and beyond
- Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons
- On thermal stability of topological qubit in Kitaev's 4D model
- Qudit surface codes and gauge theory with finite cyclic groups
- Topological quantum memory
- Topological quantum order: Stability under local perturbations
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