Dirichlet problem for the diffusive Nicholson's blowflies equation
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The equation considered in this paper is the diffusive Nicholson's blowflies equation \[ \partial u(t,x)/\partial t= d\Delta u(t,x)- 2\tau u(t,x)+ \beta\tau u(t- 1,x) e^{-u(t-1,x)},\tag{1} \] where \((t,x)\in D\equiv (0,\infty)\times\Omega\), \(\Omega\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n\) \((n\geq 1)\) being a bounded domain with smooth boundary \(\partial\Omega\); \(\beta\), \(\tau\), \(d\) are positive constants. The aim of this paper is to study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the equation (1) under Dirichlet condition \[ u\equiv 0\quad\text{on }\Gamma= (0,\infty)\times \partial\Omega\tag{2} \] and initial condition \[ u(\theta,x)= u_0(\theta, x)\quad\text{in }D_1\equiv [-1,0]\times\overline\Omega.\tag{3} \] A new approach is developed to study the global attractivity of the positive solution of the problem \[ d\Delta\phi(x)- \tau\phi(x)+ \beta\tau\phi(x) \exp(-\phi(x))= 0\quad\text{for }x\in\Omega,\quad \phi(x)= 0\quad\text{for }x\in\partial\Omega.\tag{4} \] A main result is the following: If \(e\leq \beta\leq e^2\) and \(u(t,x)\) is a nontrivial and nonnegative solution of (1)--(2) and \(\phi(x)\) is the positive solution of (4), then \[ \lim_{t\to\infty} \| u(t,.)- (.)\|_{C(\overline\Omega)}= 0\quad\text{and} \quad \lim_{t\to\infty} \| u(t,.)- \phi(.)\|_{L^2(\Omega)}= 0. \]
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