Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for Wigner matrices

DOI10.1007/S00220-021-04239-ZMaRDI QIDQ2244923zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Giorgio Cipolloni, László Erdős, Dominik Schröder

Publication date 12 November 2021

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13215

zbMATH Keywords

eigenstate thermalization hypothesis multi-resolvent local laws random matrix theory random Wigner matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random matrices (algebraic aspects) (15B52) Relations between spectral theory and ergodic theory, e.g., quantum unique ergodicity (58J51) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) General mathematical topics and methods in quantum theory (81Q99)

Abstract: We prove that any deterministic matrix is approximately the identity in the eigenbasis of a large random Wigner matrix with very high probability and with an optimal error inversely proportional to the square root of the dimension. Our theorem thus rigorously verifies the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis by Deutsch [Deutsch 1991] for the simplest chaotic quantum system, the Wigner ensemble. In mathematical terms, we prove the strong form of Quantum Unique Ergodicity (QUE) with an optimal convergence rate for all eigenvectors simultaneously, generalizing previous probabilistic QUE results in [Bourgade, Yau 2017] and [Bourgade, Yau, Yin 2020].

Review text

The authors prove that any deterministic matrix is approximately the identity in the eigenbasis of a large random Wigner matrix with high probability and with an optimal error inversely proportional to the square root of the dimension. More precisely, let $W$ be an $N\times N$ random Wigner matrix whose entries $w_{ij}$ are i.i.d. up to the symmetry constraint $w_{ij} = \overline{w_{ji}}$. Let $u_1,\ldots, u_N$ be an orthonormal eigenbasis of $W$. One of the main results of the paper states that for any deterministic matrix $A$ with $\|A\|\leq 1$ it holds that $\max_{i,j}|\langle u_i, A u_j\rangle - \delta_{ij} \mathrm{Tr}(A)/N|=\mathcal O(N^{\varepsilon-1/2})$ with very high probability. This result thus rigorously verifies the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis by \textit{J. Deutsch} [``Quantum statistical mechanics in a closed system, Phys. Rev. A 43, No. 4, 2046--2049 (1991; \url{doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.43.2046})] for the simplest chaotic quantum system, the Wigner ensemble. In mathematical terms, the authors prove the strong form of Quantum Unique Ergodicity (QUE) with an optimal convergence rate for all eigenvectors simultaneously, generalizing previous probabilistic QUE results in [\textit{P. Bourgade} and \textit{H. T. Yau}, Commun. Math. Phys. 350, No. 1, 231--278 (2017; Zbl 1379.58014); \textit{P. Bourgade} et al., Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 73, No. 7, 1526--1596 (2020; Zbl 1446.60005)]. On a technical level, a key contribution of this work is to identify improved multi-resolvent local laws that arise when intersplicing resolvents with traceless deterministic matrices by a careful analysis of a cumulant expansion via Feynman diagrams. The improvement also arises on the level of a single resolvent for $\mathrm{Tr}(GA)$ with $A$ traceless and deterministic, as shown in Theorem 3.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(34)

This page was built for publication: Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for Wigner matrices

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2244923)