Embeddability of homeomorphisms of the circle in set-valued iteration groups

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2015.08.052MaRDI QIDQ499238zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Dorota Krassowska, Marek Cezary Zdun

Publication date 30 September 2015

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2015.08.052

flows fractional iterates functional equations limit sets homeomorphisms of the circle iteration groups set-valued functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dynamical systems involving maps of the circle (37E10) Set-valued maps in general topology (54C60) Selections in general topology (54C65)

Review text

Fix a homeomorphism \(F:\mathbb S^1\to\mathbb S^1\) with no periodic points. Then there is a unique continuous map \(\Phi:\mathbb S^1\to\mathbb S^1\) with \(\Phi(1)=1\) such that \(\Phi F(z)=e^{2\pi i\rho}\Phi(z)\), for each \(z\in\mathbb S^1\), where \(\rho\) is the rotation number of \(F\). Set \(F^t(z)=\Phi^{-1}(e^{2\pi it\rho}\Phi(z))\) for \(t\in\mathbb R\) and \(z\in\mathbb S^1\). It is noted that \(F(z)\in F^1(z)\) and that this group is an iteration group in the sense that \(F^t\circ F^s(z)=F^{s+t}(z)\), where \(F^t\circ F^s(z)=\bigcup_{y\in F^s(z)}F^t(y)\). Properties of this set-valued iteration group are studied, including a characterisation of when a set-valued iteration group must be this group. Setting \(L_F\) to be the derived set of \(\{F^n(z)\;/\;z\in\mathbb S^1, n\in\mathbb Z\}\) and \(T=\{t\in\mathbb R\;/\;\Phi(\mathbb S^1\setminus L_F)=e^{2\pi it\rho}\Phi(\mathbb S^1\setminus L_F)\}\), it is shown that \(T\) is a subgroup and there are infinitely many \(T\)-iteration groups \(\{f^t:\mathbb S^1\to\mathbb S^1\;/\;t\in T\}\) with \(f^1=F\) and \(f^t(z)\in F^t(z)\) for each \(t\in T\) and \(z\in\mathbb S^1\).

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