Equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of systems with long-range interactions
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Abstract: We briefly review some equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of systems with long-range interactions. Such systems, which are characterized by a potential that weakly decays at large distances, have striking properties at equilibrium, like negative specific heat in the microcanonical ensemble, temperature jumps at first order phase transitions, broken ergodicity. Here, we mainly restrict our analysis to mean-field models, where particles globally interact with the same strength. We show that relaxation to equilibrium proceeds through quasi-stationary states whose duration increases with system size. We propose a theoretical explanation, based on Lynden-Bell's entropy, of this intriguing relaxation process. This allows to address problems related to nonequilibrium using an extension of standard equilibrium statistical mechanics. We discuss in some detail the example of the dynamics of the free electron laser, where the existence and features of quasi-stationary states is likely to be tested experimentally in the future. We conclude with some perspectives to study open problems and to find applications of these ideas to dipolar media.
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Cites work
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Cited in
(15)- Fractional Liouville equation on lattice phase-space
- Equilibrium and out of equilibrium phase transitions in systems with long range interactions and in 2D flows
- Large lattice fractional Fokker-Planck equation
- Relaxation to equilibrium in models of classical spins with long-range interactions
- Entropy dissipation and long-range interactions
- Relaxation dynamics in a long-range system with mixed Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian interactions
- Non–cooperative equilibria of Fermi systems with long range interactions
- Nonequilibrium stationary states and equilibrium models with long range interactions
- Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of systems with long-range interactions
- A stochastic model of long-range interacting particles
- Classical Heisenberg spins with long-range interactions: relaxation to equilibrium for finite systems
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5281738 (Why is no real title available?)
- Macroscopic length correlations in non-equilibrium systems and their possible realizations
- Extended Gaussian ensemble solution and tricritical points of a system with long-range interactions
- The world of long-range interactions: a bird's eye view
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