Exponential decay of eigenfunctions of the Bethe-Salpeter operator
Bethe-SalpeterBrown and RavenhallCombes-Thomas argumentDirac operatorexponential decayKato's inequality
Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues, asymptotic theory of eigenfunctions for ordinary differential operators (34L20) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) General theory of partial differential operators (47F05) Applications of operator theory in the physical sciences (47N50) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Bethe-Salpeter and other integral equations arising in quantum theory (81Q40) Atomic physics (81V45)
Let \[ D_0:={\alpha(-i\nabla)}+\beta:= \sum_{j=1}^{3}-i\alpha_j{\partial\over\partial x_j}+ \beta \] be the free Dirac operator with domain \[ \text{dom}(D_0)= H^1(\mathbb{R}^3;\mathbb{C}^4) \] acting in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^3;\mathbb{C}^4)\). Dirac matrices \(\alpha_j\) and \(\beta\) are expressed via Pauli matrices in the usual way. It is known that the spectrum of \(D_0\) is absolutely continuous and is the union of two half-lines \((-\infty,-1]\cup[1,\infty)\). To have the spectrum bounded from below, the authors consider the Bethe-Salpeter operator \(B_V\) obtained from the Dirac operator by adding a potential \(V\) to \(D_0\) and restricting the obtained operator to the positive subspace of \(D_0\). They assume that \(V\) satisfies the following conditions: \((\psi,V^2\psi)\leq \gamma^2(\psi,(-\Delta+1)\psi)\) for all \(\psi\in H^2(\mathbb{R}^3;\mathbb{C}^4)\) and some \(\gamma<1\) and \(\|V(x)\|_{{\mathcal L}(\mathbb{C}^4)}\rightarrow 0\) as \(|x|\rightarrow \infty\). The authors prove that the eigenfunctions of \(B_V\) corresponding to the eigenvalues located in \((0,1-a)\) (\(a\in(0,1)\)) decay exponentially as fast or faster than \(e^{-a|x|}\).
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