Super-exponential decay and holomorphic extensions for semilinear equations with polynomial coefficients

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2005.12.017MaRDI QIDQ2499253zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Marco Cappiello, Todor Gramchev, Luigi Rodino

Publication date 14 August 2006

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2005.12.017

Gelfand-Shilov spaces harmonic oscillator semilinear perturbation Shubin-type operators super-exponential decay

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10)

Review text

New results concerning the regularity and exponential decay of the solutions \(u\) of semilinear perturbations of Shubin type equations are obtained. Two cases are studied: i) \(P\) is a partial differential operator with polynomial coefficients, globally elliptic and (formally) selfadjoint and \(u\) is a solution of the equation \(Pu=F(u)+f\) with \(F\) a polynomial function; ii) \(P\) is the harmonic oscillator and \(u\) is a solution of the equation \(Pu=F(x,u,\nabla u)+f\), where \(F\) is a polynomial in \(u\) and \(\nabla\) which coefficients are at most affine functions in \(x\). One proves that if \(f\in S_{\nu}^{\mu} (\mathbb{R}^{n})\), \(\mu \geq 1/2, \nu\geq 1/2\) and \(u\in H^{s}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) for some \(s> n/2\) in case i) (respectively \(s >1+n/2\) in case ii), then \(u\in S_{\nu}^{\text{max}(1,\mu)}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\). The spaces \(S^{\mu}_{\nu}\) are the \(S\)-type spaces introduced in [\textit{I. M. Gelfand, G. E. Shilov}, Generalized functions II. Spaces of fundamental and generalized functions. New York and London: Academic Press (1968; Zbl 0159.18301)]. In particular, if \(f=0\), then \(u\) has a superexponential decay of order \(2\) and it can be extended to an analytic function in the strip \(\{z\in \mathbb{C}^{n}; | \operatorname{Im}z | <T\}\) for some \(T>0\). Examples of solutions \(u\) which can not be extended to entire functions are provided. The proof of the theorem is based on the careful study of commutator identities involving multiplication operators and partial differentiation operators combined with perturbative methods in \(S\)-type spaces. The paper contains also an elementary proof for the nonperturbed case \((F\equiv 0)\) and \(\mu=\nu\).

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