Spaces of test functions via the STFT

DOI10.1155/2004/498627MaRDI QIDQ1885160zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Georg Zimmermann, Karlheinz Gröchenig

Publication date 28 October 2004

Published in Journal of Function Spaces and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1155/2004/498627

Gabor frame Gelfand-Shilov spaces logarithmic integral modulation spaces Schwartz class short-time Fourier transform ultradistributions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Topological linear spaces of test functions, distributions and ultradistributions (46F05) Phase-space methods including Wigner distributions, etc. applied to problems in quantum mechanics (81S30)

Review text

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the time-frequency behavior of functions in Björk's spaces of ultra-rapidly decreasing test functions and in the Gelfand-Shilov spaces. The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of a function or distribution \(f\) on \(\mathbb{R}^d\) with respect to the non-zero window \(g\) is defined as \[ ({\mathcal V}_gf)(x,\xi) = \int_{\mathbb{R}^d}f(t) \overline{g(t-x)}e^{-2\pi i \xi t} \, dt = \langle f, M_{\xi}T_xg\rangle \] where \(T_xg(t) = g(t-x)\) is the translation operator and \(M_{\xi}f(t) = e^{2\pi i \xi t}f(t)\) is the modulation operator. Let \(\sigma\) be an increasing, continuous and concave function on \([0,\infty)\) with \(\sigma (0) = 0\), \(\int_0^{\infty}\frac{\sigma(r)}{1+r^2}\,dr < \infty\) and \(\sigma(r) \geq c + d\log(1+r)\) for some \(c\in \mathbb{R}\) and \(d>0.\) For \(\omega (t):=\sigma(| t| )\) (\(t\in \mathbb{R}^d\)), the Björk space \(S_{\omega}(\mathbb{R}^d)\) of ultra-rapidly decreasing test functions is the Fréchet space of all infinitely differentiable functions \(f\) with the property that \(\|e^{\lambda \omega}D^p f\|_{L^{\infty}} < \infty\) and \(\|e^{\lambda \omega}D^p \widehat{f}\|_{L^{\infty}} < \infty\) for every \(\lambda >0\) and \(p\in \mathbb{N}_0.\) Theorem. Let \(g\in S_{\omega}(\mathbb{R}^d)\setminus \{0\}\) be fixed. Then for \(f\in S'_{\omega}(\mathbb{R}^d)\), the following are equivalent: (1) \(f\in S_{\omega}(\mathbb{R}^d),\) (2) for all \(\lambda >0\) there is \(C_{\lambda}>0\) such that \(| ({\mathcal V}_gf)(x,\xi)| \leq C_{\lambda}e^{-\lambda(\omega(x) + \omega(\xi))}\), (3) \({\mathcal V}_gf \in S_{\omega}(\mathbb{R}^{2d}).\) A similar result for the Schwartz space \(S(\mathbb{R}^d)\) was obtained by the same authors in [J. London Math. Soc. II. Ser. 63, No. 1, 205--214 (2001; Zbl 1106.46021)]. The previous theorem is reformulated using modulation spaces and, as a consequence, the authors characterize the functions in \(S_{\omega}(\mathbb{R}^d)\) by means of their coefficients with respect to a Gabor frame in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d).\) Moreover, a description of the Gelfand-Shilov spaces of type \({\mathcal S}\) in terms of the decay of the STFT is obtained.

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