Finite groups with few average orders of subgroups
For a finite group \(G\), let \(\psi(G)\) denote the sum of the orders of its elements, let \(o(G)=\psi(G)/|G|\) and set \(X(G)=\{o(H)\mid H\leq G\}\). The paper classifies the finite groups satisfying \(|X(G)|\leq 4\). It proves that \(|X(G)|=1\) exactly when \(G\) is trivial, that \(|X(G)|=2\) exactly when \(G\cong C_p\) and that \(|X(G)|=3\) exactly when \(G\cong C_{p^2}\) or \(G\cong C_p^2\), for some prime \(p\).\N\NThe classification for \(|X(G)|=4\) consists of the groups of order \(pq\), where \(p\) and \(q\) are distinct primes, the quaternion group \(Q_8\), the groups \(C_{p^3}\) and \(C_p^3\) and the non-abelian group \(N_{1,1,p}=\langle a,b,c\mid a^p=b^p=c^p=1,\ [a,b]=c,\ [a,c]=[b,c]=1\rangle\) for an odd prime \(p\). The arguments use congruence properties of \(\psi(G)\), subgroup chains in finite \(p\)-groups, comparisons between the average element orders of groups of prime-power orders and the classification of non-abelian groups of order \(p^3\).\N\NIn the statement of the main theorem, the restriction that \(p\) be odd in the case \(N_{1,1,p}\) is omitted. This restriction is necessary, since \(N_{1,1,2}\cong D_8\), whereas the paper computes \(|X(D_8)|=5\).
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- A criterion for solvability of a finite group by the sum of element orders
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- Another criterion for solvability of finite groups
- Another criterion for supersolvability of finite groups
- Average order in regular wreath products
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- Characterizing some finite groups by the average order
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- Minimal non-abelian groups with an average condition on subgroups
- New criteria for solvability, nilpotency and other properties of finite groups in terms of the order elements or subgroups
- Non-Abelian groups in which every subgroup is Abelian.
- On a question of Jaikin-Zapirain about the average order elements of finite groups
- On groups with average element orders equal to the average order of the alternating group of degree 5
- On the average order of a finite group
- On the number of conjugacy classes of finite nilpotent groups.
- ON THE SUM OF ELEMENT ORDERS OF FINITE ABELIAN GROUPS
- On two conjectures about the sum of element orders
- Sum of the element orders in groups of the square-free orders
- Sums of Element Orders in Finite Groups
- Sums of element orders in groups of order 2m with m odd
- The average element order and the number of conjugacy classes of finite groups
- The second maximal groups with respect to the sum of element orders
- Two new criteria for solvability of finite groups
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