Finite solvable groups whose prime graphs have diameter 3
The paper under review investigates finite solvable groups whose prime graph \(\Gamma(G)\), defined on the set \(\pi(G)\) of prime divisors of \(|G|\), has diameter three. Two distinct primes \(p, q \in \pi(G)\) are adjacent in \(\Gamma(G)\) if and only if \(G\) contains an element of order \(pq\). The structure of such graphs has been extensively studied, notably by \textit{J. S. Williams} [J. Algebra 69, 487--513 (1981; Zbl 0471.20013)] and \textit{M. S. Lucido} [J. Group Theory 2, No. 2, 157--172 (1999; Zbl 0921.20020); Boll. Unione Mat. Ital., Sez. B, Artic. Ric. Mat. (8) 5, No. 1, 131--148 (2002; Zbl 1097.20022)]. It is known that \(\Gamma(G)\) is disconnected if and only if \(G\) is a Frobenius or \(2\)-Frobenius group, in which case each connected component is complete. When connected, the diameter of \(\Gamma(G)\) is at most \(3\).\N\NThe main theorem provides a complete characterization of solvable groups \(G\) with \(\mathrm{Diam}(\Gamma(G)) = 3\). It shows that such \(G\) admit a decomposition \(\pi(G) = \{p\} \cup \mu \cup \nu \cup \{q\}\), with corresponding Hall and Sylow subgroups arranged in one of four possible group-theoretic configurations, involving Frobenius and \(2\)-Frobenius subgroups. These cases are exhaustive and exclude the disconnected case.\N\NSeveral corollaries are derived, notably that \(2 \leq \ell_F(G) \leq 4\), where \(\ell_F(G)\) denotes the Fitting height of \(G\) and that if \(\ell_F(G) = 4\), then \(G\) admits a normal subgroup \(N\) of odd order such that \(G/N \cong \mathrm{UI}(48)\), a non-split extension of \(\mathrm{Sym}_4\) by \(Q_8\). The analysis combines order constraints on elements with structural properties of Hall and Sylow subgroups under fixed-point-free actions.
- Endliche Gruppen I
- Finite Groups in Which Every Element Has Prime Power Order
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3526920 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2217072 (Why is no real title available?)
- On connection between the structure of a finite group and the properties of its prime graph.
- On finite groups with disconnected prime graph.
- Prime graph components of finite groups
- The diameter of the prime graph of a finite group
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