Fuchsian equations with three non-apparent singularities

DOI10.3842/SIGMA.2018.058MaRDI QIDQ723896zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alexandre Eremenko, Vitaly O. Tarasov

Publication date 24 July 2018

Published in SIGMA. Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.08529

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zbMATH Keywords

apparent singularitiesbispectral dualityconic singularitiesFuchsian equationshypergeometric equationpositive curvature

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear ordinary differential equations and systems in the complex domain (34M03) Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain, normal forms (34M35)

Abstract: We show that for every second order Fuchsian linear differential equation $E$ with $n$ singularities of which $n-3$ are apparent there exists a hypergeometric equation $H$ and a linear differential operator with polynomial coefficients which maps the space of solutions of $H$ into the space of solutions of $E$. This map is surjective for generic parameters. This justifies one statement of Klein (1905). We also count the number of such equations $E$ with prescribed singularities and exponents. We apply these results to the description of conformal metrics of curvature $1$ on the punctured sphere with conic singularities, all but three of them having integer angles.

Review text

In this paper, the authors consider second order Fuchsian linear differential equations for which all but three singularities are apparent, that is the ratio of two linearly independent solutions at such a singularity is meromorphic. For such an equation \(E\), they prove a 1905 statement of \textit{F. Klein} [Mathematisches Seminar zu Göttingen, Winter-Semester 1905/06] which asserts that there exists a hypergeometric equation \(H\) and a linear differential operator with polynomial coefficients which maps (surjectively, for generic parameters) the space of solutions of \(H\) into the space of solutions of \(E\). They also count the number of such equations \(E\) with prescribed singularities and exponents. As an application of these results, they describe the conformal metrics of curvature \(1\) on the punctured sphere with conic singularitiers, all but three of them having integer angles, generalizing thus the previous results of the authors quoted in [\textit{A. Eremenko}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 132, No. 11, 3349--3355 (2004; Zbl 1053.53025); \textit{A. Eremenko} et al., Ill. J. Math. 58, No. 3, 739--755 (2014; Zbl 1405.30005); \textit{A. Eremenko} et al., Zh. Mat. Fiz. Anal. Geom. 12, No. 2, 134--167 (2016; Zbl 1364.30048)] and the results for nonpositive curvature already exposed in [\textit{M. Heins}, Nagoya Math. J. 21, 1--60 (1962; Zbl 0113.05603); \textit{É. Picard}, Bull. Sci. Math., II. Sér. 24, 196--210 (1899; JFM 31.0374.01); \textit{M. Troyanov}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 324, No. 2, 793--821 (1991; Zbl 0724.53023)].

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Cited in

(18)

• Closed-form integration of some Fuchsian-class differential equations found in hydro- and aeromechanics
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• A note on Chudnovsky's Fuchsian equations
• Triangle Fuchsian differential equations with apparent singularities
• Spectrum of the reflection operators in different integrable structures
• Rigidity of a family of spherical conical metrics
• Spherical surfaces with conical points: systole inequality and moduli spaces with many connected components
• On the number of apparent singularities
• Metrics of constant positive curvature with four conic singularities on the sphere
• Fuchsian Systems Associated with the $P^2 (\mathbb{F}_2 )$-Arrangement
• The dimension of the space of Garnier equations with fixed locus of apparent singularities
• Moduli of spherical tori with one conical point
• On the asymptotics for minimizers of Donaldson functional in Teichmüller theory
• Co-axial metrics on the sphere and algebraic numbers
• Ladder symmetries and Love numbers of Reissner-Nordström black holes
• Remarks on \(q\)-difference opers arising from quantum toroidal algebras
• A degree counting formula for Fuchsian ODEs with unitarizable monodromy
• Scaling limit of \(Q\)-functions for the \(\mathcal{Z}_r\) invariant inhomogeneous XXZ spin-\(\frac{1}{2}\) chain near free fermion point

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