Triangle Fuchsian differential equations with apparent singularities
Algebraic aspects (differential-algebraic, hypertranscendence, group-theoretical) of ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M15) Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain, normal forms (34M35) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55)
Suppose that the Fuchsian differential equation \[ w+\left(\frac{1-\nu_0}{z}+\frac{1-\nu_1}{z-1} -\sum^n_{i=1}\frac{1}{z-t_i}\right)w'+\frac 1 {z(z-1)}\left(\mu'\mu+\sum^n_{i=1}\frac{A_i} {z-t_i}\right)w=0 \] \((\,'\,=d/dz)\) admits the Riemann scheme \[ \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 & t_1 & \cdots & t_n & \infty \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & \mu' \\ \nu_0 & \nu_1 & 2 & \cdots & 2 & \mu \end{pmatrix} . \] This is possible when the accessory parameters \(A_1, \dots, A_n\) satisfy a certain system of quadratic equations. Furthermore, suppose that \[ \nu_0, \nu_1, \nu_{\infty} \in\mathbb {Q}\setminus \mathbb{Z}, \quad \nu_0\pm \nu_1\pm \nu_{\infty} \not\in \mathbb{Z}, \quad \nu_{\infty}:=\mu-\mu', \] and that \(t_1,..., t_n\) are algebraic numbers. Then, a basis of solutions \((w_1,w_2)\) corresponding to the Riemann scheme above is expressible in terms of periods along \(1\)-cycles of the hypergeometric curve \(X(k,z):\) \(y^k= u^{k(a-c)}(u-1)^{k(c+b-1)}(u-z)^{ka},\) \((a,b,c)= (\mu',\mu, 1-n-\nu_0),\) where \(k\) is the least common denominator of \(a,b,c\). These solutions define the Schwarz map \(D(z)=w_1(z)/w_2(z).\) This paper discusses the algebraicity of the value \(D(\tau)\) for algebraic numbers \(\tau\), in particular for \(\tau=t_j,\) and its relations to the Prym variety of \(X(k,z).\)
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