Resolving singularities and monodromy reduction of Fuchsian connections

DOI10.1007/S00023-021-01049-WMaRDI QIDQ2231941zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yik-Man Chiang, Avery Ching, Chiu Yin Tsang

Publication date 30 September 2021

Published in Annales Henri Poincaré (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02871

apparent singularities Fuchsian connections Heun's differential equation hypergeometric function monodromy reduction resolving singularities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sheaves in algebraic geometry (14F06) Lamé, Mathieu, and spheroidal wave functions (33E10) Painlevé-type functions (33E17) Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain, normal forms (34M35)

Abstract: We study monodromy reduction of Fuchsian connections from a sheave theoretic viewpoint, focusing on the case when a singularity of a special connection with four singularities has been resolved. The main tool of study is {based on} a bundle modification technique due to Drinfeld and Oblezin. This approach via invariant spaces and eigenvalue problems allows us not only to explain Erd'elyi's classical infinite hypergeometric expansions of solutions to Heun equations, but also to obtain new expansions not found in his papers. As a consequence, a geometric proof of Takemura's eigenvalues inclusion theorem is obtained. Finally, we observe a precise matching between the monodromy reduction criteria giving those special solutions of Heun equations and that giving classical solutions of the Painlev'e VI equation.

Review text

Let \(L(y)=0\) be the linear differential equation of Fuchsian class over \(\mathbb{C}(z)\). Under which conditions can solutions of this equation be expressed through hypergeometric functions? The answer to this question is important for many equations related to applied physical problems. Specifically for the Heun's differential equation \(\frac{d^{^{2}}y}{dz^{2}}+(\frac{\gamma}{z}+\frac{\delta}{z-1}+\frac{\epsilon}{z-t})\frac{dy}{dz}+\frac{\alpha\beta z-q}{z(z-1)(z-t)}=0\). The general idea of solving such problems is to remove apparent singularities (see [\textit{M. A. Barkatou} and \textit{S. S. Maddah}, in: Proceedings of the 40th international symposium on symbolic and algebraic computation, ISSAC 2015, Bath, UK, July 6--9, 2015. New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). 53--60 (2015; Zbl 1346.68268)]). ``However, in order to overcome the ambiguity of the interplay between the local and global aspects of solutions of Fuchsian equations typically using classical language, it is the purpose of this article to apply sheaf theoretic language to study geometric aspects of Fuchsian connections where one of their singularities becomes apparent (i.e. being resolved). The proof of the effectiveness of the approach proposed by the authors may be their recover Takemura's eigenvalue inclusion theorem [\textit{K. Takemura}, J. Phys. A, Math. Theor. 45, No. 8, Article ID 085211, 14 p. (2012; Zbl 1247.34132)] and obtaining of new hypergeometric expansions of solutions to Heun's equations.

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