Function spaces of variable smoothness and integrability

Function spaces arising in harmonic analysis (42B35) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)

Abstract: In this article we introduce Triebel--Lizorkin spaces with variable smoothness and integrability. Our new scale covers spaces with variable exponent as well as spaces of variable smoothness that have been studied in recent years. Vector-valued maximal inequalities do not work in the generality which we pursue, and an alternate approach is thus developed. Applying it, we give molecular and atomic decomposition results and show that our space is well-defined, i.e., independent of the choice of basis functions. As in the classical case, a unified scale of spaces permits clearer results in cases where smoothness and integrability interact, such as Sobolev embedding and trace theorems. As an application of our decomposition, we prove optimal trace theorems in the variable indices case.

Review text

The spaces \(B^s_{p,q} (\mathbb R^n)\) and \(F^s_{p,q} (\mathbb R^n)\) with \(s \in \mathbb R\) \(0< p,q \leq \infty\) (\(p < \infty\) for the \(F\)-spaces), are well established nowadays, covering the Lebesgue spaces, (fractional) Sobolev spaces, Besov spaces, Hardy spaces, etc. Since the early 1990s, there have appeared several papers dealing with corresponding spaces with variable smoothness \(s(x)\) or variable integrability \(p(x)\). The paper under review studies spaces \(F^{s(\cdot)}_{p(\cdot), q(\cdot)} (\mathbb R^n)\), where simultaneously all three parameters may vary under some restrictions: \(0< p^- \leq p(x) \leq p^+ < \infty\), \(0< q^- \leq q(x) \leq q^+ < \infty\), \(0 \leq s(x) \leq s^+ < \infty\), \(s(x) \to s^\infty\) if \(|x| \to \infty\). Furthermore, \(p(\cdot)\), \(q(\cdot)\), \(s(\cdot)\) are assumed to be logarithmically continuous. The spaces \(F^{s(\cdot)}_{p(\cdot), q(\cdot)} (\mathbb R^n)\) are defined, as in the classical case, by Fourier-analytical decompositions. The authors show that this definition makes sense. They prove atomic and molecular representation theorems. There are some interesting assertions about traces on hyper-planes. Furthermore, it is shown that this approach covers many previously studied spaces with variable smoothness and/or variable integrability. The restriction \(s(x) \geq 0\) seems to be unavoidable so far.

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