Geometric interpretation of tight closure and test ideals
F-rationality and F-regularity properties of a ring are defined via tight closure, and they are known to be equal, for finitely generated rings over a field of characteristic zero, to rational and log-terminal singularities (on \(\mathbb{Q}\)-Gorenstein rings), respectively [see \textit{N. Hara}, Am. J. Math. 120, 981-996 (1998; Zbl 0942.13006), \textit{V. B. Mehta} and \textit{V. Srinivas}, Asian J. Math. 1, 249-278 (1997; Zbl 0920.13020), \textit{K. E. Smith}, Am. J. Math. 119, 159-180 (1997; Zbl 0970.13004), \textit{K. I. Watanabe}, F-regular and F-pure rings vs. log-terminal and log-canonical singularities (preprint)]. The author proved in the paper quoted above that when the non-F-rational locus of a \(d\)-dimensional reduced normal local ring in characteristic zero is isolated, the ring is rational if and only if it is Cohen-Macaulay and its geometric genus is zero. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe current paper further generalizes such tight closure-singularity connections. For this the author characterizes the test ideals in various settings via resolutions of singularities, and characterizes the tight closure of the zero submodule in some top local cohomology modules. -- A corollary is that the multiplier ideal for \(\mathbb{Q}\)-Gorenstein normal rings in characteristic 0 is the same as the test ideal. This result had already been proved using different methods [\textit{K. E. Smith}, Commun. Algebra 28, 5915-5929 (2000; Zbl 0979.13007)].
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