Singularities in mixed characteristic via perfectoid big Cohen-Macaulay algebras

DOI10.1215/00127094-2020-0082MaRDI QIDQ2052356zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 26 November 2021

Published in Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.09567, https://projecteuclid.org/journals/duke-mathematical-journal/volume-170/issue-13/Singularities-in-mixed-characteristic-via-perfectoid-big-CohenMacaulay-algebras/10.1215/00127094-2020-0082.full

zbMATH Keywords

big Cohen-Macaulay F-rational F-regular log terminal multiplier ideal perfectoid rational singularities test ideal

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic algebraic geometry (Diophantine geometry) (11G99) Characteristic (p) methods (Frobenius endomorphism) and reduction to characteristic (p); tight closure (13A35) Homological conjectures (intersection theorems) in commutative ring theory (13D22) Singularities in algebraic geometry (14B05) Arithmetic ground fields (finite, local, global) and families or fibrations (14D10) Multiplier ideals (14F18)

Abstract: We utilize recent results of Andr'e and Gabber on the existence of weakly functorial integral perfectoid big Cohen-Macaulay (BCM) algebras to study singularities of local rings in mixed characteristic. In particular, we introduce a mixed characteristic BCM-variant of rational/

F

-rational singularities, of log terminal/

F

-regular singularities and of multiplier/test ideals of divisor pairs. We prove a number of results about these objects including a restriction theorem for perfectoid BCM multiplier/test ideals and deformation statements for perfectoid BCM-regular and BCM-rational singularities. As an application, we obtain results on the behavior of

F

-regular and

F

-rational singularities in arithmetic families.

Review text

The goal of this work is to develop tools to better understand singularities in mixed characteristic. As multiplier and test ideals have been critical to the understanding of singularities in equicharacteristic, the authors extend the big Cohen-Macaulay test ideals developed by \textit{F. Perez} and \textit{R. R.G.} [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., Ser. B 8, 754--787 (2021; Zbl 1487.13024)] to the mixed characteristic setting. They prove that these BCM-test ideals are independent of the big Cohen-Macaulay $R^+$-algebra $B$ chosen as long as $B$ is sufficiently large. They show that the characteristic $p>0$ notions are in fact equivalent to the mixed characteristic notions and they establish relationships with characteristic $0$, which we illustrate in the following table: \begin{align*} \text{Characteristic } p>0 \qquad&\text{Mixed characteristic } (0,p) & \text{Characteristic } 0\\ F\text{-regular}\qquad& \mathrm{BCM}_B\text{-regular}& \text{KLT}\\ F\text{-rational} \qquad & \mathrm{BCM}_B\text{-rational}& \text{pseudorational} \\ \tau(R, \Delta) \qquad & \tau_B(R, \Delta)& \mathcal{J}(R, \Delta)\\ \tau(\omega_R)\qquad & \tau_B(\omega_R)& \mathcal{J}(\omega_R) \end{align*} As with (characteristic $p$) test ideals and multiplier ideals, they show that $\mathrm{BCM}_B$-test ideals are stable under small perturbations. They also show that $\mathrm{BCM}_B$-test ideals behave similar to characteristic $p$ test ideals under finite maps. As \textit{M. Hochster} and \textit{C. Huneke} [Mém. Soc. Math. Fr., Nouv. Sér. 38, 119--133 (1989; Zbl 0699.13003)] used localization to produce elements in the characteristic $p$ test ideal, localization can also help us to determine elements in the $\mathrm{BCM}_B$-test ideal $\tau_B(R, \Delta).$ They also prove that these test ideals restrict well when $R$ is a complete normal ring; in particular, if $h \in R$ such that $R/hR$ is normal; $\Delta$ is a $\mathbb{Q}$-divisor so that $K_R+ \Delta$ has index not divisible by $p$; and $\Delta$ and $V(h)$ have no common components, then for $1 > \epsilon >0$ and for every $R^+$-algebra $B$ there is an $(R/hR)^+$-algebra $C$ so that $\tau_C(R/hR, \Delta|_{R/hR}) \subseteq \tau_B(R, \Delta+(1-\epsilon) \mathrm{div}_R(h))R/hR$. They also address how $F$-rational and $F$-regular singularities vary as one varies the characteristic, including some helpful examples and pictures.

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