Impossibility of almost extension

Abstract: Let

(m a t h b f X, | c d o t |_{m a t h b f X}), (m a t h b f Y, | c d o t |_{m a t h b f Y})

be normed spaces with

m a t h r m d i m (m a t h b f X) = n

. Bourgain's almost extension theorem asserts that for any

v a r e p s i l o n > 0

, if

m a t h c a l N

is an

v a r e p s i l o n

-net of the unit sphere of

m a t h b f X

and

f : m a t h c a l N o m a t h b f Y

is

1

-Lipschitz, then there exists an

O (1)

-Lipschitz

F : m a t h b f X o m a t h b f Y

such that

| F (a) - f (a) |_{m a t h b f Y} l e s s s i m n v a r e p s i l o n

for all

a i n m a t h c a l N

. We prove that this is optimal up to lower order factors, i.e., sometimes

m a x_{a i n m a t h c a l N} | F (a) - f (a) |_{m a t h b f Y} g t r s i m n^{1 - o (1)} v a r e p s i l o n

for every

O (1)

-Lipschitz

F : m a t h b f X o m a t h b f Y

. This improves Bourgain's lower bound of

m a x_{a i n m a t h c a l N} | F (a) - f (a) |_{m a t h b f Y} g t r s i m n^{c} v a r e p s i l o n

for some

0 < c < f r a c 12

. If

m a t h b f X = e l l_{2}^{n}

, then the approximation in the almost extension theorem can be improved to

m a x_{a i n m a t h c a l N} | F (a) - f (a) |_{m a t h b f Y} l e s s s i m s q r t n v a r e p s i l o n

. We prove that this is sharp, i.e., sometimes

m a x_{a i n m a t h c a l N} | F (a) - f (a) |_{m a t h b f Y} g t r s i m s q r t n v a r e p s i l o n

for every

O (1)

-Lipschitz

F : e l l_{2}^{n} o m a t h b f Y

.

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