Infinite-dimensional diagonalization and semisimplicity

DOI10.1007/S11856-016-1395-5MaRDI QIDQ501855zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Z. Mesyan, Manuel L. Reyes, Miodrag Cristian Iovanov

Publication date 10 January 2017

Published in Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.05184

diagonalizable subalgebras Jacoboson semisimple rings Wedderburn-Artin theorem

Infinite-dimensional and general division rings (16K40) Endomorphism rings; matrix rings (16S50) Topological and ordered rings and modules (16W80)

Abstract: We characterize the diagonalizable subalgebras of End(V), the full ring of linear operators on a vector space V over a field, in a manner that directly generalizes the classical theory of diagonalizable algebras of operators on a finite-dimensional vector space. Our characterizations are formulated in terms of a natural topology (the "finite topology") on End(V), which reduces to the discrete topology in the case where V is finite-dimensional. We further investigate when two subalgebras of operators can and cannot be simultaneously diagonalized, as well as the closure of the set of diagonalizable operators within End(V). Motivated by the classical link between diagonalizability and semisimplicity, we also give an infinite-dimensional generalization of the Wedderburn-Artin theorem, providing a number of equivalent characterizations of left pseudocompact, Jacoboson semisimple rings that parallel various characterizations of artinian semisimple rings. This theorem unifies a number of related results in the literature, including the structure of linearly compact, Jacobson semsimple rings and cosemisimple coalgebras over a field.

Review text

Let \(V\) be a vector space over a field \(K\) and \(\mathcal B\) a basis of \(V\). A \(K\)-linear operator \(T\in\mathrm{End}(V)\) is said to be \textit{\(\mathcal B\)-diagonalizable}, if every \(v\in\mathcal B\) is an eigenvector for \(T\). The set of \(\mathcal B\)-diagonalizable operators on \(V\) is a commutative subalgebra of \(\mathrm{End}(V)\), which is denoted by \(\mathrm{diag}(\mathcal B)\). It is proved that \(\mathrm{diag}(\mathcal B)\) is a maximal commutative subalgebra of \(\mathrm{End}(V)\) and \(\mathrm{diag}(\mathcal B)\cong K^{\dim V}\). A subalgebra \(D\subseteq\mathrm{End}(V)\) is said to be \textit{diagonalizable} if \(D\subseteq\mathrm{diag}(\mathcal B)\) for some basis \(\mathcal B\) of \(V\). It is shown that the classification of all diagonalizable subalgebras of \(\mathrm{End}(V)\) reduces to the classification of those ones which are closed in the topology of pointwise convergence on \(\mathrm{End}(V)\). Such subalgebras are described in the following theorem. Theorem. For a closed commutative subalgebra \(C\) of \(\mathrm{End}(V)\) the following are equivalent: {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(C\) is diagonalizable; \item[(ii)] \(C\) is topologically isomorphic to \(K^\Omega\) for some cardinal \(1\leq\Omega\leq\dim(V)\); \item[(iii)] there is a set of pairwise orthogonal idempotents \(\{E_i\}\subseteq C\), such that \(\overline{\mathrm{span}}\{E_i\}=C\) and the net of finite sums of \(E_i\) converges to \(1\). \end{itemize}} If \(K\) is algebraically closed, then another two equivalent conditions in terms of the so-called \textit{pseudocompactness}, semisimplicity and topological nilpotency are given.

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