Invariance principles for random bipartite planar maps

DOI10.1214/009117906000000908MaRDI QIDQ2456024zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jean-François Marckert, Grégory Miermont

Publication date 17 October 2007

Published in The Annals of Probability (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0504110

zbMATH Keywords

Brownian mapBrownian snakeinvariance principlelabeled mobilesRandom planar mapsspatial Galton--Watson trees

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Enumeration in graph theory (05C30) Random graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C80) Combinatorial probability (60C05) Functional limit theorems; invariance principles (60F17) Branching processes (Galton-Watson, birth-and-death, etc.) (60J80)

Abstract: Random planar maps are considered in the physics literature as the discrete counterpart of random surfaces. It is conjectured that properly rescaled random planar maps, when conditioned to have a large number of faces, should converge to a limiting surface whose law does not depend, up to scaling factors, on details of the class of maps that are sampled. Previous works on the topic, starting with Chassaing and Schaeffer, have shown that the radius of a random quadrangulation with $n$ faces, that is, the maximal graph distance on such a quadrangulation to a fixed reference point, converges in distribution once rescaled by $n^{1/4}$ to the diameter of the Brownian snake, up to a scaling constant. Using a bijection due to Bouttier, Di Francesco and Guitter between bipartite planar maps and a family of labeled trees, we show the corresponding invariance principle for a class of random maps that follow a Boltzmann distribution putting weight $q_k$ on faces of degree $2k$: the radius of such maps, conditioned to have $n$ faces (or $n$ vertices) and under a criticality assumption, converges in distribution once rescaled by $n^{1/4}$ to a scaled version of the diameter of the Brownian snake. Convergence results for the so-called profile of maps are also provided. The convergence of rescaled bipartite maps to the Brownian map, in the sense introduced by Marckert and Mokkadem, is also shown. The proofs of these results rely on a new invariance principle for two-type spatial Galton--Watson trees.

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