Invertible changes of variables generated by Bäcklund transformations
Vector partial differential equations of the form \(u_ t=f(u,u_ x,u_{xx},...)\) (1) possessing Bäcklund transforms of a special form are considered. These Bäcklund transforms are interpreted as lattices compatible with (1): \[ (2)\quad (u_{n+1})_ x=g((u_ n)_ x,u_ n,u_{n+1}),\quad n\in {\mathbb{Z}}, \] where \(u_ 0=u\). If there exists a compatible pair (1), (2), one can construct a change of variables which is invertible on the set of variables \(u,u_ x,u_{xx},...,u_{\pm 1},u_{\pm 2},..\). (Theorem 1). Such a change of variables transforms (1) into another equation of the same form. Theorem 1 is applied to Korteweg-de Vries and Schrödinger type equations. There exist compatible triplets consisting of equations and lattices of the form (1), (2) and \((u_ n)_{\tau}=h(u_ n,u_{n\pm 1},u_{n\pm 2},...)\). With the help of Theorem 1 scalar examples of such triplets including the Korteweg-de Vries equation and the Volterra lattice are obtained.
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