Which 3-manifold groups are Kähler groups? (Q1024256)

The paper gives a complete answer to the question in the title, which was first raised by Goldman and Donaldson in 1989. The authors introduce the concepts of characteristic varieties and resonance varieties for a 3-manifold, which mimic those used in studying Kähler groups by Beauville, Catanese, Green, Lazarsfeld, Simpson and Campana. They get a structure theorem for the first resonance variety of a closed orientable 3-manifold \(M\): {\parindent=6,5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(H^1(M,\mathbb{C})\) is not \(1\)-isotropic; \item[(2)] If the first Betti number of \(M\) is even, then the first resonance variety of \(M\) is equal to \(H^1(M,\mathbb{C}).\) \end{itemize}} Then using the results of Fujiwara and Reznikov, they conclude the fundamental group of \(M\) is finite if it is also a Kähler group.