Laguerre polynomials as Jensen polynomials of Laguerre-Pólya entire functions (Q1035618)

The question if there exist entire special functions whose Jensen polynomials are orthogonal is investigated. Let \(\varphi(x)\) be an entire function from the Laguerre-Pólya class \(\varphi\in\mathcal L\mathcal P\) [see \textit{G. Pólya}, Über die algebraisch-funktionentheoretischen Untersuchungen von J. L. W. Jensen. Meddelelser Kobenhavn 7, Nr.~17, S. 3--33 (1927; JFM 53.0309.01)] with Maclaurin expansion \(\varphi(x)= \sum_{k=0}^\infty \gamma_kx^k/k!\) then polynomials \(g_n(\varphi;x) =\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k} \gamma_kx^k\) are called Jensen polynomials associated to \(\varphi(x)\). The main result of the paper is Theorem 1: The only Jensen polynomials that are orthogonal are the Laguerre polynomials. Four proofs for Theorem 1 are given. Moreover a new proof of the fact that all zeros of the Bessel function \(J_\alpha(z)\) are real when \(\alpha>-1\) is provided.