On the structure of semi-invariant polynomials in Ore extensions. (Q1048955)

Let \(S\) be an automorphism of the ring \(R\) and \(D\) an \(S\)-derivation of \(R\). The Ore extension of \(R\) by the derivation \(D\), denoted by \(R[X;S,D]\), is the ring freely generated by the ring \(R\) adjoined by an indeterminate \(X\) subjected to the commuting rule \(Xr=S(r)X+D(r)\) for all \(r\in R\) [see \textit{S. Annin}, J. Algebra Appl. 3, No.~2, 193-205 (2004; Zbl 1060.16029)]. Let \(R\) be a prime ring and let \(Q\) be the symmetric Martindal quotient ring of \(R\) [see \textit{K. I. Beidar, W. S. Martindale} III, and \textit{A. V. Mikhalev}, Rings with generalized identities. New York: Marcel Dekker (1996; Zbl 0847.16001)]. Then the automorphism \(S\) and the \(S\)-derivation \(D\) can be uniquely extended to \(Q\). So we form \(Q[X;S,D]\) analogously. A polynomial \(f\in Q[X;S,D]\) is said to be semi-invariant if there exists an automorphism \(\sigma\) of \(Q\) such that \(fr=\sigma(r)f\) for all \(r\in R\). More generally, let \(\sigma\) be an automorphism of \(Q\), and \(\delta\) a \(\sigma\)-derivation of \(Q\). We call \(f\in Q[X;S,D]\) a \(cv\)-polynomial with respect to \((\sigma,\delta)\), if \(fr-\sigma(r)f=\delta(r)\) for all \(r\in R\). If \(D\) is an X-outer \(S\)-derivation of the prime ring \(R\), then let \(t\) be the least integer \(\geq 1\) such that \(S^tDS^{-t}-D\) is an X-inner derivation. Then the authors prove among other things that the minimal degree of the monic semi-invariant polynomials of the Ore extension \(R[X;S,D]\) is \(t\) if \(\text{char\,}R=0\) and it is \(tp^k\) for some \(k\geq 0\) if \(\text{char\,}R=p\geq 2\). A similar result holds for \(cv\)-polynomials. These are done by introducing the new notion of \(k\)-basic polynomials for each integer \(k\geq 0\), which enable to analyze the semi-invariant polynomials inductively.