A concrete duality approach to compactness and strict singularity of inclusion operators (Q1173662)

For Banach sequence spaces \(E\), \(F\) with \(F\subset E\), properties of the inclusion operator \(i: F\to E\) such as compactness, weak compactness, strict singularity and strict cosingularity are discussed in terms of its adjoint \(i^ \eta: E^ \eta\to F^ \eta\) (where \(\eta\) stands for any one of the duality notions \(\beta\), \(\gamma\)) which is again an inclusion operator. Section 2 gives preparatory facts about \(\gamma\)-duals. Section 3 contains \(\eta\)-dual versions of Gantmacher's theorem, namely [with terminology from \textit{A. Wilansky's} book ``Summability through functional analysis'' (1984; Zbl 0531.40008)]. Theorem. Let \(E\), \(F\) be \(BK\)-spaces with \(\Phi\subset F\subset E\). If \(E\) has \(AB\) and \(i^ \eta: E^ \eta\to F^ \eta\) is weakly compact, then so is \(i: F\to E\). If \(F\) has \(AB\) and \(i: F\to E\) is weakly compact, then so is \(i^ \eta: E^ \eta \to F^ \eta\). In 3.7 an interesting set of equivalent statements concerning reflexivity is given, involving \(\eta\in\{\beta,\gamma\}\), and not valid for \(\eta=\alpha\). Section 4 contains analogues of Schauder's dual characterization of compact operators, similar to the above theorem, with ``compact'' instead of ``weakly compact''. Section 5 discusses \(\beta\)- and \(\gamma\)-dual versions of Banach's dual characterization of open homomorphisms. Section 6 extends results by Snyder and the author on strict singularity and strict cosingularity of inclusion operators \(i: F\to E\), originating in Pelczynski's work. Use is made of two Wilansky properties, a Meyer- König Zeller property and a gliding humps property. Two typical results are as follows. Let \(E\), \(F\) be \(BK\)-spaces with \(\Phi\subset F\subset E\). (i) Suppose that \(E\) has the Wilansky property \((\gamma-W1)\). Then if \(i^ \beta: E^ \beta\to F^ \beta\) or \(i^ \gamma: E^ \gamma\to F^ \gamma\) is strictly singular, the inclusion \(i:F \to E\) is strictly cosingular. (ii) Suppose \(F\) has \(AK\) and \(E\) has \(AB\). Then strict cosingularity of \(E^ \gamma \to F^ \gamma\) implies strict singularity of \(F \to E\). The paper is rich in comments on the results obtained, in particular as to the hypotheses imposed. The Main Example of Section 7 serves in several instances as a non-trivial counterexample.