Defining functions for manifolds of matrices (Q1372957)

Let \(A\) be a \(p \times q\) matrix and let \(M(A)\) be a block matrix with the form \(M(A)= \left( \begin{smallmatrix} A & B \\ C^T & D \end{smallmatrix} \right)\) where \(A\in \mathbb{R}^{p \times q}\), \(B\in \mathbb{R}^{p \times (n-q)}\), \(C\in \mathbb{R}^{q \times (n-p)}\) and \(D\in \mathbb{R}^{(n-p) \times (n-q)}\). Here \(p<n\) and \(q<n\). If \(n-p\) and \(n-q\) are small, then \(M(A)\) is called a bordered matrix of \(A\). The author considers defining systems for manifolds of possibly nonsquare matrices. The functions are algebraic expressions in the entries of the matrix. He uses bordered matrix techniques to characterize the manifold of matrices with a given rank. In Section 2 he recalls some known or easy results on the nonsingularity of bordered extensions of a possibly singular matrix. In Section 3 he generalizes the singular value inequality proved previously by himself to the case of nonsingular matrices. In Section 4 he uses those results to obtain defining systems for the manifolds of possibly nonsquare matrices with given rank, which have full linear rank. In Section 5 he considers conditions to express that \(A\) has one Jordan block with zero eigenvalue. Finally, in Section 6, he considers a generalization to the case where \(A\) has more than one Jordan block with zero eigenvalue, and he makes some remarks on related problems.