Periodic solutions with the same period of the recursion \(x_{n+1}=\frac{\alpha+\beta x_ n+\gamma x_{n-1}}{A+Bx_ n+Cx_{n-1}}\) (Q1374840)

Consider the difference equation \[ x_{n+ 1}= {\alpha+\beta x_n+\gamma x_{n-1}\over A+ Bx_n+ Cx_{n-1}},\quad n=0,1,2,\dots,\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(\alpha,\beta, \gamma, A, B, C\in[0,\infty)\) with \(\alpha+\beta+\gamma\), \(B+C\in(0, \infty)\). Let \(p\in \mathbb{N}\) and \(p\geq 2\). The author establishes necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of \(\alpha\), \(\beta\), \(\gamma\), \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) and \(p\) for every positive solution of the difference equation \((*)\) to be periodic with the same period \(p\). This solved an open problem proposed by \textit{G. Ladas} [J. Difference Equ. Appl. 1, No. 4, 413-419 (1995; Zbl 0853.39002)].