Macdonald polynomials and algebraic integrability (Q1599837)

Let \(R\) be a reduced irreducible root system in a Euclidean vector space with complexification \(V\). Let \(W\) be the Weyl group of \(R\), and let \(m\) denote a set of \(W\)-invariant multiplicities \(m_\alpha \in \mathbb Z\) on \(R\). The author associates with \(R\) and \(m\) a function \(\psi(x,z)\) on \(V \times V\), called a Baker-Akhiezer function, which can be explicitely constructed using a Macdonald operator \(D^\pi\) with parameters \(t_\alpha=q^{-m_\alpha}\). At the basis of the construction is the observation that \(D^\pi\) acts naturally on a coordinate ring of a specific algebraic variety. Suitably normalized, the function \(\psi\) presents a remarkable symmetry in the two arguments \(x\) and \(z\). This is reflected in the fact that \(\psi\) solves a bispectral problem in \((x,z)\) for the Macdonald operators corresponding to \(R\) and for those corresponding to the root system dual to \(R\). The algebraic and complete integrability of the Macdonald operators with \(t_\alpha=q^{-m_\alpha}\) are proven, and shift operators are studied. When \(z\) is a dominant weight, explicit formulas are shown to relate the (anti)symmetrization of \(\psi\) in the variable \(x\) with Macdonald polynomials. As a corollary of these results, the author provides new proofs of the norm identities, evaluation formulas and symmetry identities for the Macdonald polynomials. The original proofs by \textit{I. Cherednik} [Ann. Math. III. Ser. 141, No. 1, 191-216 (1995; Zbl 0822.33008); Invent. Math. 122, No. 1, 119-145 (1995; Zbl 0854.22021)] were based on the theory of double affine Hecke algebras. The methods employed here extend those for the case \(q=1\) by \textit{E. M. Opdam} [Invent. Math. 98, 1-18 (1989; Zbl 0696.33006)] Normalized Baker-Akhiezer functions are also constructed in the \(BC_n\) case using Koornwinder's generalization of the theory of Macdonald. Finally, the case corresponding to a certain deformed \(A_n\) system is considered.