Fink type conjecture on affine-periodic solutions and Levinson's conjecture to Newtonian systems (Q1634898)

This paper concerns the existence of affine-periodic solutions for differential systems (including ordinary and functional differential equations) and Newtonian systems with friction. The authors consider the $(Q, T)$ affine-periodic solution $x(t)$ of differential equations that satisfy \[ x(t+T) = Q x(t), \quad \forall t \in\mathbb{R}^1, \] where $Q$ is a nonsingular matrix in the finite-dimensional case, and an invertible operator in the infinite-dimensional case. This type of solutions can be periodic, anti-periodic, subharmonic, or quasi periodic. In this paper, the Fink-type conjecture for ordinary and functional differential equations is verified by means of Lyapunov's method since uniform asymptotic stability implies the existence of affine periodic solutions. The Levinson's conjecture is proved, and it is shown that a Newtonian system with friction admit a $(Q,T)$ affine periodic solution under certain conditions. The results are applied to study gradient systems and Newtonian (including Rayleigh or Lienard) systems.