A birational embedding with two Galois points for certain Artin-Schreier curves (Q1637201)

Let \(K\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p>0\) and let \(C\) be an irreducible projective plane curve over \(K\) of degree \(d \geq 3\), and let \(K(C)\) denote the corresponding function field. Let \(P \) be a point of the projective plane \(\mathbb{P}^2(K)\). Consider the projection of center \(P\), \(\pi_P: C \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1(K); \quad Q \mapsto \overline{PQ},\) that associates to a point \(Q\) the line passing through \(P\) and \(Q\) if \(P \neq Q\). The map \(\pi_P\) induces a field extension \(K(C)/ \pi_PK(\mathbb{P}^1)\) of function fields. If this extension is Galois then \(P\) is called a Galois point for \(C\). A Galois point \(P\) is inner (rep. outer) if \(P\) is a smooth point of \(C\) (resp. \(P\) is not in \(C\)). This notion was introduced by \textit{H. Yoshihara} [J. Algebra 239, No. 1, 340--355 (2001; Zbl 1064.14023)]. Before the first author introducted a criterion for the existence of a birational embedding of smooth projective curves with two Galois points [J. Algebra 511, 95--101 (2018; Zbl 1400.14084); ``Birational embeddings of the Hermitian, Suzuki and Ree curves with two Galois points'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1707.04004}], not so many examples of plane curves with two outer Galois points were known in the literature. After the determination of this criterion, the first author and \textit{K. Waki} obtained (at least) eight other examples of plane curves with two inner Galois points [``Examples of plane rational curves with two Galois points in positive characteristic'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1704.01269}]. In this article further new examples of plane curves with two Galois points are presented. More precisely, considering a prime power \(q=p^n\) with \(n \geq 1\), the authors consider the following two affine curves \(\mathcal{F}_m: Y^m=X^q+X,\) with \(m \mid (q+1)\), \(2 \leq m \leq q-1\) and \(\mathcal{G}_r: Y^{q^r+1}=X^q+X,\) where \(r \geq 2.\) The following are the main results of the paper. (Theorem 1) Let \(\hat{\mathcal{F}}_m\) be a smooth model of \(\mathcal{F}_m\). Then there exist two morphisms \(\varphi,\psi:\hat{\mathcal{F}}_m \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^2\) such that \(\varphi,\psi\) are birational onto their images, \(\varphi(\hat{\mathcal{F}}_m)\) and \(\psi(\hat{\mathcal{F}}_m)\) have degree \(q+1\) and \(\varphi(\hat{\mathcal{F}}_m)\) has two distinct inner Galois points while \(\psi(\hat{\mathcal{F}}_m)\) has two distinct outer Galois points. (Theorem 2) Let \(\hat{\mathcal{G}}_r\) be a smooth model of \(\mathcal{G}_r\). Then there exists a morphism \(\xi:\hat{\mathcal{G}}_r \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^2\) such that \(\xi\) is birational onto its image, \(\xi(\hat{\mathcal{G}}_r)\) has degree \(q^r+1\) and \(\xi(\hat{\mathcal{G}}_r)\) has two distinct outer Galois points.