Spectral multiplier theorems via \(H^\infty\) calculus and \(R\)-bounds (Q1650185)

The authors explore an operator theoretic approach to spectral multiplier theorems, showing that the ``Littlewood-Paley arguments'' for singular integrals can be replaced by a localization argument using the \(H^\infty\)-calculus of the operator, which can be used due to the fact that the boundeness of the \(H^\infty\)-calculus is known for many Laplace type operators. The idea is to replace some of the classical bounds such as Gaussian and Poisson bounds or maximal estimates by \(R\)-bounds. We recall that a set of operators \(\tau\) on a \(L^q\)-space is called \(R\)-bounded if \(\|(\sum_{j=1}^n|T_jx_j|^2)^{1/2}\|_{L^q}\leq C \|(\sum_{j=1}^n|x_j|^2)^{1/2}\|_{L^q}\) for any family of operators \(T_j\in \tau\) and \(x_j\in L^q\). The smallest \(C=R(\tau)\) satisfying such an inequality is called the \(R\)-bound of \(\tau\). Actually their results are not restricted to the \(L^q\)-scale and self-adjoint operators on \(L^2\), but can be formulated for \(0\)-sectorial operators acting on Banach spaces \(X\) with certain properties, for instance Pisier's property \((\alpha)\), i.e for any finite family \(x_{k,l}\in X\) and any finite array \(F\subset \mathbb Z\times \mathbb Z\) one has the uniform equivalence \(\mathbb E_w \mathbb E_{w'} \|\sum_{(k,l)\in F } \varepsilon_k(w)\varepsilon_l(w')x_{k,l}\|\approx \mathbb E_w \|\sum_{(k,l)\in F} \varepsilon_{k,l}(w) x_{k,l}\|\) where \(\varepsilon_k\) and \(\varepsilon_{k,l}\) are independent Bernoulli random variables. If \(A\) is a \(0\)-sectorial operator on a Banach space \(X\) with Pisier's property \((\alpha)\) having a bounded \(H^\infty(\Sigma_\omega)\)-calculus for some \(0<\omega<\pi/2\), the \(R\)-boundedness of the set \((S)_\gamma=\{(\pi/2-|\theta|)^\gamma \exp (-te^{i\theta}A): t>0, -\pi/2<\theta<\pi/2\}\) implies that \(A\) has an \(R\)-bounded \(\mathcal H^\beta_2\) calculus for \(\beta>\gamma+1/2\), i.e. \(\{f(A): \|f\|_{\mathcal H^\beta_2}\leq 1\}\) is \(R\)-bounded, and conversely if \(\{f(A): \|f\|_{\mathcal H^\beta_2}\leq 1\}\) is \(R\)-bounded for \(\gamma\geq \beta\), then \((S)_\gamma\) is \(R\)-bounded, where \(\mathcal H^\beta_2\) stands for the Hörmander class. Similar result with other sets using wave operators, bounded imaginary powers are also achieved. Variants of this result involving \(\mathcal H^\beta_p\) for \(\beta>1/p\) given by functions in \(L^p_{loc}(\mathbb R_+)\) such that \(\sup_{t>0}\|\phi f(t\cdot)\|_{W^\beta_p(\mathbb R)}<\infty\) for a non-zero function \(\phi\in C^\infty_c(0,\infty)\) and where \(W^\beta_p(\mathbb R)\) stands for the usual Sobolev space. For instance, under the previous assumptions, if \(A\) has an \(R\)-bounded \(\mathcal H^\beta_1\) calculus, then the Bochner-Riesz means \((BR)_\alpha=\{(1-A/u)_+^{\alpha-1}: u>0\}\) is \(R\)-bounded for \(1<\beta<\alpha\) and conversely, if \((BR)_\alpha\) is \(R\)-bounded, then \(A\) has an \(R\)-bounded \(\mathcal H^\alpha_1\) calculus. Of course the fact that \(R\)-bounds are crucial is exhibited with examples where one can not recover the expected results when using the classical bounds.