On the factorization of \(T_G\)-ideals of graded matrix algebras (Q1671284)

The authors work with associative algebras over an infinite field \(F\). Let \(G\) be a finite abelian group and let \(A\) be a \(G\)-graded algebra. If \(d_1\), \dots, \(d_m\) are positive integers one denotes by \(UT_m(d_1,\ldots,d_m;A)\) the algebra of the block-triangular matrices with entries from \(A\) whose blocks on the main diagonal are of size \(d_i\times d_i\). Such algebras generalize the algebras of upper triangular matrices over \(F\): if all \(d_i=1\) and \(A=F\) one gets \(UT_m(F)\), the \(m\times m\) upper triangular matrices. If the algebra \(A\) satisfies a polynomial identity then clearly \(UT_m(d_1,\ldots,d_m;A)\) is also PI; this follows for example from the well-known theorem of \textit{A. Regev} [Isr. J. Math. 11, 131--152 (1972; Zbl 0249.16007)] that the tensor product of two PI algebras is once again PI. The block-triangular matrix algebras are of significant interest in PI theory. First they were employed in the fundamental research of \textit{J. Lewin} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 188, 293--308 (1974; Zbl 0343.16002)]. Lewin studied the algebra \(R\) of \(2\times 2\) upper triangular matrices with entries from the algebras \(A_1\) and \(A_2\) on the diagonal, and from an \((A_1,A_2)\)-bimodule \(M\) at position \((1,2)\). He proved that under certain conditions, if the \(A_i\) are relatively free algebras corresponding to T-ideals \(I_1\) and \(I_2\) one has \(I=I_1I_2\) where \(I\) stands for the T-ideal of \(R\). Such factoring property has been extensively studied since then, including the case of \(G\)-graded algebras and the corresponding ideals of graded identities. One of the main results in the paper under review is the construction of a suitable model for the relatively free algebra in the variety of \(G\)-graded algebras generated by \(UT_m(d_1, \ldots, d_m; A)\). A basis \(B\) of the vector space of that relatively free graded algebra is called \textit{partially multiplicative} if for every two subsets \(S_1\), \(S_2\subset B\) the product \(S_1S_2=\{s_1s_2\mid s_i\in S_i\}\) lies again in \(B\) whenever the elements of \(S_1\) and of \(S_2\) are written in disjoint sets of free variables. As a consequence, the authors obtain that if there are no trivial components in the \(G\)-grading on \(A\), and if the relatively free algebra of the \(G\)-graded algebra \(A\) admits a partially multiplicative basis then the ideal of the graded identities of \(UT_m(d_1, \ldots, d_m;A)\) equals the product of the ideals of graded identities of the algebras \(M_{d_i}(A)\), \(1\le i\le m\).