Multidimensional exact solutions to the reaction-diffusion system with power-law nonlinear terms (Q1675175)

Consider the system of reaction-diffusion equations \[ \partial_t u_k = \mathrm{div}\left( u_k^{\lambda_k} \nabla u_k \right) + u_k^{1-\lambda_k} \sum_{j\neq k} \alpha_{jk}(t) u_j^{\lambda_j}\;, \qquad t>0\;, \;x\in\mathbb{R}^n\;, \] where \(k\in\{1,\ldots,N\}\), \(N\geq 2\), \((\lambda_k)_{1\leq k\leq N}\) are non-zero real numbers, and \((\alpha_{jk})_{1\leq j,k\leq N}\) are known time-dependent functions. The authors look for solutions of the form \[ u_k(t,x) = \psi_k(t) [W(x)+\varphi(t)]^{1/\lambda_k}\;, \] where \((\psi_k,\varphi_k)_{1\leq k\leq N}\) are time-dependent functions to be determined and \(W\) is a quadratic polynomial \(2W(x) = \langle Ax,x\rangle + 2\langle B, x \rangle + 2C\) with a symmetric matrix \(A\in\mathcal{M}_n(\mathbb{R})\), \(B\in \mathbb{R}^n\), and \(C\in \mathbb{R}\) to be determined as well. A necessary condition for such solutions to exist is the existence of a real number \(\sigma\neq 0\) and an idempotent symmetric matrix \(P\in\mathcal{M}_n(\mathbb{R})\) (\(P^2=P\)), such that \(2\sigma A=P\), \(B\in \mathrm{Ker}(P-\mathrm{id})\), and \(C=\sigma |B|^2\), while \((\psi_k)_{1\leq k\leq N}\) solves a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations depending on \(\sigma\), \(\mathrm{tr}(A)\), and \((\alpha_{jk})_{1\leq j,k\leq N}\) and \((\varphi_k)_{1\leq k\leq N}\) solves a system of linear ordinary differential equations depending on \(\sigma\), \(\mathrm{tr}(A)\), \((\psi_k)_{1\leq k\leq N}\), and \((\alpha_{jk})_{1\leq j,k\leq N}\). Examples of exact solutions constructed in that way are next given, including stationary solutions (\((\varphi_k)_{1\leq k\leq N}\), \((\psi_k)_{1\leq k\leq N}\), and \((\alpha_{jk})_{1\leq j,k\leq N}\) are constants) and time periodic solutions (\(N=2\), \((\varphi_1,\varphi_2)\) are periodic functions while \((\psi_1,\psi_2)\) and \((\alpha_{jk})_{1\leq j,k\leq 2}\) are constants).