Approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality in the space of bounded linear operators (Q1675673)

Let \(E\) be a normed space. For \(\epsilon \in [0,1)\) and \(x,y \in E\), we say \(x\) is approximate \(\epsilon\)-Birkhoff-James orthogonal to \(y\) in the sense of \textit{J. Chmieliński} [JIPAM, J. Inequal. Pure Appl. Math. 6, No. 3, Paper No. 79, 7 p. (2005; Zbl 1095.46011)] if \(\| x+\lambda y\| ^2\geq \| x\| ^2-2\epsilon\| x\| \,\| \lambda y\| \) for all \(\lambda\in\mathbb{R}\); and we write \(x\perp_B^\epsilon y\). We say that \(x\) is approximate \(\epsilon\)-Birkhoff-James orthogonal to \(y\) in the sense of \textit{S. S. Dragomir} [An. Univ. Timişoara, Ştiinţe Mat. 29, No. 1, 51--58 (1991; Zbl 0786.46017)] if \(\| x+\lambda y\| \geq (1-\epsilon)\| x\| \) for all \(\lambda\in\mathbb{R}\); and we write \(x\perp_D^\epsilon y\). For two compact linear operators \(T\) and \(A\) from a normed space \(X\) into a normed space \(Y\), the authors characterize \(T\perp_D^\epsilon A\) in terms of the norm attainment set \(M_T:=\{x\in X: \| x\| =1, \| T\| =\| Tx\| \}\), when the space \(X\) is a reflexive Banach space. They also characterize approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality \(T\perp_B^\epsilon A\) when \(T\) and \(A\) are bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space of any dimension, which improves Theorem 3.4 of \textit{J. Chmieliński} et al. [Linear Algebra Appl. 531, 305--317 (2017; Zbl 1383.46013)] in which a characterization of approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality of compact linear operators is given. Further, they provide a characterization of approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality \(T\perp_B^\epsilon A\) in both cases of \(T, A\) being compact linear operators on a reflexive Banach space, and \(T, A\) being bounded linear operators on a normed space of any dimension.