Subspaces of \(\ell_{1}\) satisfying Grothendieck's theorem (Q1700036)

Recall that a quadratic form on a Banach space \(X\) is a map \(q:X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) such that there exists a continuous bilinear form \(b:X \times X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) for which \(q(x) = b(x, x)\). In the present paper, a characterization of Grothendieck subspaces of \(\ell_1\) is given in terms of the extension of nonnegative quadratic forms to the whole space \(\ell_1\).