Extrapolation in grand Lebesgue spaces with \(A_\infty\) weights (Q1731493)

Let $(X,d,\mu)$ be a quasi-metric measure space. The authors assume that the measure $\mu$ is defined on a $\sigma$-algebra of subsets of $X$, which contains all balls $B(x,r):=\{y\in X: d(x,y)<r\}$, and that $\mu$ is finite, atomless and doubling. Then they call the triple $(X,d,\mu)$ a space of homogeneous type. \par Let $(X_i,d_i,\mu_i)$, $i=1,\dots, n$, be spaces of homogeneous type, let $w(x_1,\dots,x_n)$ be a weight on $X_1\times \dots \times X_n$, $\mu^n:=\mu_1\times \dots \times \mu_n$ and $1\le r <\infty$. The symbol $L^r_w(X_1\times \dots \times X_n)$ is used to denote a weighted Lebesgue space equipped with the norm \[ \|f\|_{L^r_w} =\Big ( \int_{X_1\times \dots \times X_n} |f(x)|^r w(x) \ d\mu^n \Big)^{1/r}, \ \ \text{where } x:=(x_1, \dots, x_n) \in X_1\times \dots \times X_n. \] Given $\theta >0$ and $1<p<\infty$, the weighted grand Lebesgue space $L^{p),\theta}_w$ consists of all functions $f : X_1\times \dots \times X_n\rightarrow \mathbb R$ for which \[\|f\|_{L^{p),\theta}_w}: =\sup_{0<\varepsilon<p-1} \Big (\varepsilon^\theta \int_{X_1\times \dots \times X_n} |f(x)|^{p-\varepsilon} w(x) \ d\mu^n \Big)^{1/(p-\varepsilon)} < \infty. \] If $1<r<\infty$, then we say that a weight $w$ defined on $X_1\times \dots \times X_n$ belongs to the Muckenhoupt class $A_r^{(S)}$ (and we write $w \in A_r^{(S)}$) provided that \begin{align*} [w]_{A_r^{(S)}}:=\sup_{B_1\times \dots \times B_n} \Big(\frac{1}{\prod_{j=1}^n \mu_j(B_j)}\int_{B_1\times \dots \times B_n} w(x) \ d\mu^n\Big) \\ \quad \times \Big(\frac{1}{\prod_{j=1}^n \mu_j(B_j)}\int_{B_1\times \dots \times B_n} w(x)^{1-r'} \ d\mu^n \Big)^{r-1}<\infty, \end{align*} where the supremum is taken over all products $B_1\times \dots \times B_n \in X_1\times \dots \times X_n$ of balls. \par We write $w\in A_1^{(S)}$ if \[ (M^{(S)}w)(x)\le Cw(x) \quad \text{for } \mu^n\text{-a.e. } x, \] where $M^{(S)}$ is the strong Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator defined by \[ M^{(S)}g(x):=\sup_{B_1\times \dots \times B_n} \frac{1}{\prod_{j=1}^n \mu_j(B_j)}\int_{B_1\times \dots \times B_n} |g(t_1,\dots,t_n)| \ d\mu^n . \] We put $A^{(S)}_\infty:=\bigcup_{r\ge 1} A^{(S)}_r$. \par The main result of the paper reads as follows. \par Theorem. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of couples $(f,g)$ of functions defined on $X_1\times \dots \times X_n$. Assume that, for some $p_0 \in (0,\infty)$ and $m\ge 1$ and all $w\in A^{(S)}_{\infty}$, \[ \Big(\int_{X_1\times \dots \times X_n} g^{p_0} w\,d\mu^n\Big)^{1/p_0} \le CN([w]_{A^{(S)}_m})\Big(\int_{X_1\times \dots \times X_n} f^{p_0}w\,d\mu^n\Big)^{1/p_0}, \ (f,g)\in \mathcal{F}, \] where $N$ is a nondecreasing function and the constant $C$ is independent of $w$. \par Then: \par (i) for all $1<p<\infty$, $\theta>0$ and $w\in A^{(S)}_{\infty}$, \[ \|g\|_{L^{p),\theta}_w}\le C \|f\|_{L^{p),\theta}_w}, \ \ (f,g)\in \mathcal{F}, \] where the positive constant $C$ is independent of $(f,g)$; \par (ii) for all $1<p<\infty$, $0<q<\infty$, $\theta>0$ and $w\in A^{(S)}_{\infty}$, the inequality \[ \Big \|\Big ( \sum_j (g_j)^q \Big )^{1/q} \Big\|_{L^{p),\theta}_w}\le C \Big \|\Big ( \sum_j (f_j)^q \Big )^{1/q} \Big\|_{L^{p),\theta}_w}, \quad \{(g_j,f_j)\}\subset \mathcal{F}, \] holds with a positive constant $C$. \par Extrapolation results are applied to get one-weight inequalities with $A_\infty$ weights for some operators of harmonic analysis.