Fermat's theorem over some totally real number fields (Q1736424)

Let \(K\) be a totally real number field of degree \(d\), \(O_K\) its ring of integers and \(p\geq 5\) a prime. We denote by \(F_p\) the Fermat curve defined by the equation \( x^p+y^p+z^p = 0\) and \(F_p(K)\) the set of solutions of \(F_p\) over \(K\). We say that \(F_p(K)\) is \textit{trivial} if for every \((x,y,z)\in F_p(K)\) we have \(xyz=0\). This is the case for \(K = \mathbb{Q}\). Furthermore, we say that the \textit{asymptotic theorem of Fermat is true over} \(K\), if \(F_p(K)\) is trivial for every prime \(p\) larger than a constant depending only on \(K\). Suppose that 2 is totally ramified in \(K\) and let \(\mathcal{L}\) be the prime ideal of \(O_K\) above 2. We denote by \(v_{\mathcal{L}}\) the valuation of \(K\) associated to \(\mathcal{L}\) and \(U_{\mathcal{L}}\) the group of \(\{\mathcal{L}\}\)-units of \(K\). Set \(S = \{a\in U_{\mathcal{L}}: 1-a\in U_{\mathcal{L}} \}\). \textit{N. Freitas} and \textit{S. Siksek} [Compos. Math. 151, No. 8, 1395--1415 (2015; Zbl 1391.11065)] proved that the asymptotic theorem of Fermat is true over a \(K\) provided that the following hypothesis is satisfied: (FS) for every \(a\in S\) we have \(|v_{\mathcal{L}}(a)| \le 4d\). We denote by \(\mathcal{H}\) the set of Hilbert modular cuspidal newforms over \(K\) of parallel weight 2 and of level \(\mathcal{L}\). For every \(f\in \mathcal{H}\) and non zero prime ideal \(\mathbf q \) of \(O_K\), we denote by \(N(\mathbf{q})\) the norm of \(\mathbf q \) over \(\mathbb{Q}\) and by \(a_{\mathbf q}(f)\) the Fourier coefficient of \(f\) at \(\mathbf q\). The subfield \(\mathbb{Q}_f\) of \(\mathbb{C}\) generated by the coefficients \(a_{\mathbf q}(f)\) is an finite extension of \(\mathbb{Q}\) which is totally real or CM field. Consider the following condition: (C) for every \(f \in \mathcal{H}\) such that \(\mathbb{Q}_f = \mathbb{Q}\), there is a prime ideal \(\mathbf q\) of \(O_K\) with \({\mathbf q }\ne \mathcal{L}\) satisfying \(a_{\mathbf q}(f) \not \equiv N(\mathbf{q})+1 \pmod 4\). In this paper, it is proved that the hypothesis (SF) and (C) are equivalent provided that 2 is totally ramified in \(K\) and every elliptic curve of conductor \(\mathcal{L}\) defined over \(K\) having all 2-torsion points rational over \(K\) is modular, and so in this case the asymptotic theorem of Fermat is true over a \(K\). Furthermore, it is proved that the hypothesis of modularity can be replaced by the hypothesis the narrow class number of \(K\) to be one. Next, using these results, it is obtained that the the asymptotic theorem of Fermat is true over some number fields of degree 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8.