On asymptotic Fermat over the \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-extension of \(\mathbb{Q}\) (Q2074742)

Let \(K\) be a totally real field, and let \(O_K\) be its ring of integers. The Fermat equation with exponent \(p\) over \(K\) is the equation \(a^p+b^p+c^p=0\), \(a,b,c \in O_K\). A solution \((a,b,c)\) is called trivial if \(abc=0\), otherwise non-trivial. The asymptotic Fermat's Last Theorem over \(K\) is the statement that there is a bound \(B_K\), depending only on the field \(K\), such that for all primes \(p>B_K\), all solutions to the Fermat equation are trivial. In a recent work [Adv. Math. 363, Article ID 106964, 37 p. (2020; Zbl 1450.11023)] the authors prove the effective asymptotic Fermat's Last Theorem (i.e. \(B_K\) is effectively computable) for the infinite family of fields \(\mathbb Q(\zeta_{2^{r+2}})^+\), where \(r\geq 0\). A crucial step in their proof is the following conjecture of \textit{A. Kraus} [Algebra Number Theory 13, No. 2, 301--332 (2019; Zbl 1441.11063)]: Let \(K\) be a number field having odd narrow class number and a unique prime \(\lambda\) above \(2\). Then there are no elliptic curves defined over \(K\) with conductor \(\lambda\) and a \(K\)-rational point of order \(2\). In this note the authors give a new elementary proof of Kraus' conjecture that makes use only of basic facts about elliptic curves, Tate curves and Tate modules.