Uniformizations of stable \((\gamma ,n)\)-gonal Riemann surfaces (Q1755672)

In the paper, uniformizations of stable \((\gamma,n)\)-gonal Riemann surfaces are studied. In order to describe the results of the paper we need some preliminary definitions. Let \(\gamma\geq 0\) and \(n\geq 2\) be integer numbers. A pair \((S, f)\) is called a \((\gamma,n)\)-gonal pair if \(S\) is a closed Riemann surface and \(f:S \rightarrow R\) is a holomorphic branched cover of degree \(n\) onto a closed Riemann surface \(R\) of genus \(\gamma\). Let \(n_j\) be the branch order of the point \(p_j\), \(j=1,\dots, r\), where \(p_j\) is a point in the locus \(B_f\) of branch values of \(f\). The pair \((S,f)\) is of hyperbolic type if \(n_1^{-1}+\cdots n_r^{-1}<2\gamma+r-2\). In such a case, an uniforming pair of \((S,f)\), denoted by \((\Gamma, G)\) can be associated, where \(G\) is a Fuchsian group acting on the unit disc \(\mathbb{D}\) and \(\Gamma\) an index \(n\) subgroup of \(G\) with additional properties. A stable \((\gamma, n)\)-gonal pair \((S^*, f^*)\) is obtained by considering a suitable \((\gamma, n)\)-gonal pair \((S, f:S\rightarrow R)\) of hyperbolic type and a suitable collection \(\mathcal{F} = \{\gamma_1, \dots, \gamma_s \}\) of pairwise disjoint simple loops in \(R - B_f\), satisfying certain properties. By means of a pinching process of the loops in \(\mathcal{F}\) and those in \(f^{-1}(\mathcal{F})\), a topological stable \((\gamma, n)\)-gonal pair homeomorphic to \((S^*, f^*)\) is obtained. The details are given in the introduction and in Section 6. For each \((\gamma,n)\)-gonal pair \((S,f)\), \(\mathcal{H}_0(S,f)\) and \(\mathcal{H}(S,f)\) will denote the associated Hurwitz spaces consisting of the isomorphic classes (respectively, the twisted isomorphic classes) of \((\gamma,n)\)-gonal pairs topologically equivalent to \((S,f)\). The main results are Theorems 1 and 2. Let \((S,f)\) be a \((\gamma,n)\)-gonal pair of hyperbolic type and let \((\Gamma,G)\) be an uniforming pair of it. In Theorem 1, it is proved that \(\mathcal{H}_0(S,f)\) is isomorphic to the Teichmüller space \(T(\mathbb{D},G)\), and \(\mathcal{H}(S,f)\) is isomorphic to the quotient of \(T(\mathbb{D},G)\) by a suitable finite index subgroup \(M(\Gamma,G)\) of the group of holomorphic automorphisms of \(T(\mathbb{D},G)\). Next, the author considers the partial closure of \(\mathcal{H}_0(S,f)\) obtained by adding the corresponding classes of equivalence of stable \((\gamma, n)\)-gonal pairs. In Theorem 2, it is proved that a model for that closure is provided by the augmented Teichmüller space \(NT(\mathbb{D},G)\), and also, the space parameterizing twisted isomorphic classes of stable \((\gamma, n)\)-gonal pairs can be identified with \(NT(\mathbb{D},G)/M(\Gamma,G)\), where \(M(\Gamma,G)\) is the same as in Theorem 1. The proofs of these theorems appear in Sections 5 and 6. In previous sections the author provides many preliminary results on Kleinian groups, Teichmüller spaces and quasiconformal deformation spaces of Kleinian groups, with emphasis on noded Fuchsian groups and noded Beltrami coefficients of Kleinian groups, studied by the author jointly with Alexander Vasil'ev, to whose memory the paper is dedicated.