Conserved energies for the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one dimension (Q1756020)

The authors consider the (de)focusing cubic non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLS) and the complex (de)focusing modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (mKdV) which involve the unknown function \(u(x,t)\) dependent on the spatial variable \(x\in\mathbb R\) and the time variable \(t\geq 0\). These equations read, respectively, as follows \[ iu_t+u_{xx}\pm2u|u|^2=0\,,~u\big|_{t=0}=u_0\tag{NLS} \] and \[ u_t+u_{xxx}\pm6|u|^2u_x=0\,,~u\big|_{t=0}=u_0.\tag{mKdV} \] The authors construct a family \((E_s)_{s>-\frac12}\) of energy functionals, such that, for every \(s\), \(E_s\) is defined on a subset of the Sobolev space \(H^s(\mathbb R)\), and is conserved along the (NLS) and (mKdV) flows. The expression of \(E_s(u)\) is to leading quadratic terms given by the \(H^s\)-norm of \(u\). Additionally, the energy \(E_s(u)\) depends analytically on \(u\) and \(s\). The valuable contribution in this paper relies on the scattering transform and provides an extension of the already known countable family of conservation laws to the continuous family \((E_s)\).