On the basis property of root functions of a periodic problem with an integral perturbation of the boundary condition (Q1760487)

The authors study the Riesz basis property of root functions (eigenfunctions and associated functions) of the periodic boundary value problem under an integral perturbation of the boundary condition \[ -u''+qu=\lambda u,\qquad x\in [0,1], \tag{1} \] \[ u'(0)=u'(1)+\int_{0}^{1}u(x)\overline{p(x)}\,dx, \qquad u(0)=u(1), \tag{\(2_{p}\)} \] where \(q\) and \(p\) are complex-valued functions from the Hilbert space \(L^{2}(0,1)\). Due to \textit{A. A. Shkalikov} [Mosc. Univ. Math. Bull. 37, No.~6, 10--20 (1982); translation from Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. I 1982, No. 6, 12--21 (1982; Zbl 0565.34020)], the root functions of the problem (1), (\(2_{p}\)) form a Riesz basis with parentheses in the space \(L^{2}(0,1)\). In the paper [J. Differ. Equations 253, No.~2, 400--437 (2012; Zbl 1251.34100)], \textit{F. Gesztesy} and \textit{V. Tkachenko} gave necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of spectral data in order for the root functions of problem (1), (\(2_{0}\)) to form a Riesz basis. The main result of the paper under an additional assumption that all eigenvalues of the problem (1), (\(2_{0}\)) are double ones except for the first simple eigenvalue (as a consequence, the system of root functions of problem (1), (\(2_{0}\)) is a Riesz basis) reads as follows. Let \(P\) be a set of functions \(p\in L^{2}(0,1)\) for which the system of root functions of problem (1), (\(2_{p}\)) is a Riesz basis in the space \(L^{2}(0,1)\) and \(\overline{P}:=L^{2}(0,1)\setminus P\). Theorem. The sets \(P\) and \(\overline{P}\) are everywhere dense in the Hilbert space \(L^{2}(0,1)\). In the case \(q(x)\equiv 0\), this theorem was proved in the author's article [Differ. Equ. 42, No. 4, 599--602 (2006); translation from Differ. Uravn. 42, No. 4, 560--562 (2006; Zbl 1132.34332)].