Existence of pair potential corresponding to specified density and pair correlation (Q1777322)

A translation invariant measure \(\mu\) on the space of particle configurations on the lattice \(Z^d\) is considered. For a given configuration each site can be occupied by one particle or be empty. An \( m \)-point correlation function \(\rho_m (x_1,\dots,x_m) \) is the probability of finding \( m \) different particles at positions \( x_1,\dots,x_m \in Z^d .\) The following natural question has been extensively discussed in physical and mathematical literature [e.g. \textit{Costin} and \textit{Lebowitz}, J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (51), 19614--19618 (2004); \textit{A. Lenard}, Commun. Math. Phys. 30, 35--44 (1973); \textit{A. Soshnikov}, Russ. Math. Surv. 55, No. 5, 923--975 (2000); translation from Usp Mat. Nauk 55, No. 5, 107--160 (2000; Zbl 0991.60038) and so on]: Given \( \rho _1 (x_1) \equiv \bar{\rho}_1\) and \(\rho_2 (x_1,x_2)\equiv \bar{\rho}_2 (x_1 -x_2 ) \), does there exist a measure \(\mu\), for which these are the first correlation function (density) and the pair correlation function, respectively? The author extends well known results and shows that if \(\rho_1\) and \(\rho_2 \) are small, there exists a measure on the space of configurations for which \(\rho_1 \) is the density and \(\rho_2 \) is the pair correlation function. Moreover, this measure is the Gibbs measure corresponding to some pair potential and some value of activity.