Orbital ordering in transition-metal compounds. I: The 120-degree model (Q1781825)

One investigates the classical version of the \(120^{\circ}\). The exact definition of the classical model is given and the ground states are discussed. The main result is related to the existence of phase transitions for this model, and it is shown that under some conditions, there exist six distinct infinite-volume, translation-invariant Gibbs states. The proof is lengthy and is the core of the remaining of the paper in which one provides sound supports to the heuristic spin-wave calculation so involved. The probabilities of bad events are estimated.