On the quotients of the maximal unramified 2-extension of a number field (Q1796610)

Summary: Let \(\mathrm{K}\) be a totally imaginary number field. Denote by \(G_{\mathrm{K}}^{ur}(2)\) the Galois group of the maximal unramified pro-2 extension of \(\mathrm{K}\). By using cup-products in étale cohomology of \(\mathrm{Spec}\mathcal O_{\mathrm{K}}\) we study situations where \(G_{\mathrm{K}}^{ur}(2)\) has no quotient of cohomological dimension 2. For example, in the family of imaginary quadratic fields \(\mathrm{K}\), the group \(G_{\mathrm{K}}^{ur}(2)\) almost never has a quotient of cohomological dimension 2 and of maximal 2-rank. We also give a relation between this question and that of the 4-rank of the class group of \(\mathrm{K}\), showing in particular that when ordered by absolute value of the discriminant, more than 99\% of imaginary (respectively, real) quadratic fields satisfy an alternative (but equivalent) form of the unramified Fontaine-Mazur conjecture (at \(p=2\)).