New ``Verblunsky-type'' coefficients of block Toeplitz and Hankel matrices and of corresponding Dirac and canonical systems (Q1801182)

A self-adjoint discrete Dirac system on the interval \(0\leq k<n\) is a system of the form \(y_{k+1}(\lambda)=(I_{2p}-i j C_k/\lambda)y_k(\lambda)\), where \(j=\text{diag}(I_p,-I_p)\), \(\lambda\) is the so-called spectral parameter, \(y_{k+1}(\lambda)\) and \(y_k(\lambda)\) are \(2p\times 1\) vector functions, \(I_p\) is the \(p\times p\) identity matrix, and the \(2p\times 2p\) matrices \(C_k\) satisfy \(C_k>0\), \(C_kjC_k=j\) for \(0\leq k<n\). The Verblunsky-type coefficient \(\rho_k\) is defined by \[ \rho_k=\big(\text{diag}(I_p,0) C_k [\text{diag}(I_p, 0)]^\top\big)^{-1} \text{diag}(I_p,0)C_k[\text{diag}(I_p,0)]^\top \] for \(0\leq k<n\). It is shown that one can uniquely recover \(C_k\) from \(\rho_k\). Further, with each discrete Dirac system, one can associate a positive-definite Toeplitz matrix \(S(n)=\{s_{j-l}\}_{j,l=1}^n\) where \(s_j=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^\pi e^{ijt}d\tau(t)\) and \(\tau\) is a nondecreasing \(p\times p\) matrix function on \([-\pi,\pi]\). The main result of the paper establishes a one-to-one correspondence between Toeplitz matrices \(S(n)=\{s_{j-l}\}_{j,l=1}^n\) and their Verblunsky-type coefficients. Several connections with spectral theory are discussed.