On some foliations arising in \(\mathcal D\)-module theory (Q1953070)

The aim of the paper under review is to study singularities and invariant algebraic subvarieties of \(\mathbb P^n\times \mathbb P^n\) induced by Hamiltonian vector fields determined by bihomogeneous polynomial functions of \(\mathbb C^{n+1}\times \mathbb C^{n+1}\) which are linear in the second coordinates. Let \(\mathcal\chi_{n,k}\) be the projectivization of the complex vector space of \(n\)-tuples of homogeneous polynomials of degree \(k\geq 2\) in \(\mathbb C[x_0,\ldots, x_n]\). Given \(a=(a_0,\ldots, a_n)\in \mathcal\chi_{n,k}\), let \(h_a=\sum_{i=0}^n a_i y_i\) and \(A_i=\frac{\partial h_a}{\partial x_i}\). The vector field \(\xi_{a}=\sum_{i=0}^n (a_i \frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}-A_i \frac{\partial}{\partial y_i})\) is bihomogeneous and defines a foliation \(\mathcal F_a\) on \(\mathbb P^n\times \mathbb P^n\). Let \(\mathcal P_{n,k}\) be the subset of \(\mathcal \chi_{n,k}\) formed by those \(a\)'s such that \(\mathcal F_a\) has finite singularities and all singularities of \(\mathcal F_a\) are of Poincaré type. Here a singularity \([p]\times [q]\) of \(\mathcal F_a\) is said to be of Poincaré type if the set of all eigenvalues of the Jacobian of \((a_1,\ldots, a_n)\) with respect to \(x_1,\ldots, x_n\) at \(p\), denoted by \(\Lambda_0(p)\), and \(\alpha_0(p)=\frac{\partial a_0}{\partial x_0}(p)\) are linearly independent over \(\mathbb Q\), and moreover for all choices of distinct pairs \((\lambda, \nu), (\lambda', \nu')\) in \(\Lambda_0(p)\times \{1,k\}\) it holds \((\lambda-\nu \alpha_0(p))/(\lambda'-\nu\alpha_0(p))\in \mathbb C\setminus \mathbb R\). The set \(\mathcal P_{n,k}\) is dense in \(\mathcal \chi_{n,k}\). The main result of the paper states as follows: Let \(a\in \mathcal P_{n,k}\). Assume \(C\) is a reduced curve of \(\mathbb P^n\times \mathbb P^n\) invariant under \(\mathcal F_a\) and which is not contained in the zero locus \(\mathcal Z(h_a)\) of \(h_a\). Then \(C\) is smooth and transversal to \(\mathcal Z(h_a)\) at their intersection. Moreover, the author studies invariant subvarietes of \(\mathcal F_a\). He first proves that, whenever \(a\) is chosen so that \((a_0)\) and \((a_0, a_1)\) are prime ideals, \(a_1\not\in (a_0)\) and \(a_2\not\in(a_0,a_1)\), \(\sqrt{(a_0,\ldots, a_n)}=(x_0,\ldots, x_n)\), then every irreducible subvarieties of codimension one in \(\mathcal Z(h_a)\) are schematic complete intersections. From this, the author deduces that if \(Y\) is a subvariety of codimension one in \(\mathcal Z(h_a)\) invariant under \(\mathcal F_a\) having all singularities which are normal crossings, then \(Y=\mathcal Z(h_a,g)\) for some bihomogeneous polynomial \(g\) of bidegree \((\ell, \ell')\) with either \(\ell\leq n\) or \(\ell'\leq n\). He also proves some results about invariant curves. For instance, if \(C\not\subset \mathcal Z(h_a)\) is an invariant curve of bidegree \((a,b)\), then \(C\) is smooth at all points of \(C\cap \mathcal Z(h_a)\) and \(a+kb\leq n \nu(n,k)\).